The purpose of this article is to describe possible reasons for childrens' disfluent speech, present typical case profiles for different types of disfluency, and suggest appropriate case management procedures.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams, M.R. (1982). Fluency, nonfluency and stuttering in children . Journal of Fluency Disorders, 7, 171-185.
2.
Baratz, R. & Mesulam, M.M. (1981). Adult-onset stuttering treated with anti-convulsants . Archives of Neurology, 38, 132.
3.
Barber, V. (1940). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: XVI. Rhythm as distraction in stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 5, 29-42.
4.
Bloodstein, O. (1981). A Handbook on Stuttering. Chicago, IL: National Easter Seals Society.
5.
Bloodstein, O. (1960). The development of stuttering: Part II, Developmental phases. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 25, 366-376.
6.
Butterworth, B. & Goldman-Eisler, F. (1979). Recent studies in cognitive rhythm. In A.W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.). Of Speech and Time. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7.
Cherry, C., Sayers, B.M., & Marland, RM (1955). Experiments on the complete suppression of stammering . Nature, 176, 874-875.
8.
Canter, G.J. (1971). Observations on neurogenic stuttering: A contribution to differential diagnosis. British Journal Disorders Communication , 6, 139-143.
9.
Caplan, L. (1972). An investigation of some aspects of stuttering-like speech in adult dysphasia subjects. Journal South Africa Speech Hearing Association, 19, 52-66.
10.
Colburn, N. & Mysak, E.D. (1982). Developmental disfluency and emerging grammar II. Co-occurrence of disfluency with specified semantic-syntactic structures . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 421-427.
11.
Darley, F.L., Aronson, A.E., & Brown, J.R. (1969). Differential diagnostic patterns of dysarthria . Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12, 246-269.
12.
... ( 1975). Motor Speech Disorders, Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders Co.
13.
Deal, J.L. (1982). Sudden onset of stuttering: A case report. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 47, 301-304.
14.
Dempsey, G.L. & Granich, M. (1978). Hypno-behavioral therapy in the case of a traumatic stutterer: a case study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 26, 125-133.
15.
Donnan, G.A. (1979). Stuttering as a manifestation of stroke. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 44-45.
16.
Farmer, A. & Florance, K.M. (1977). Segmental duration differences: Language disordered and normal children. In J.R. Andrews & M.S. Burns (Eds.), Selected papers in language and phonology, 2. Evanston, IL: Instruction for Continuing Professional Education.
17.
Hall, D.E., Wray, D.F., & Conti, D.M. (1986, Fall). The language-disfluency relationship: A case study. Hearsay, 110-113.
18.
Hall, PK (1977). The occurrence of disfluencies in language-disordered school-age children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 42, 364-369.
Helmreich, H.G. & Bloodstein, O. (1973). The grammatical factor in childhood disfluency in relation to the continuity hypothesis. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 16, 731-738.
21.
Johns, D.F. & Darley, F.L. (1970). Phonemic variability in apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 13, 556-583.
22.
Johnson, W. & Knott, J.R. (1937). Studies in the psychology of stuttering: I. The distribution of moments of stuttering in successive readings of the same passage . Journal of Speech Disorders, 2, 17-19.
23.
Kent, R.D. (1983). Facts about stuttering: Neuropsychologic perspectives . Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48, 249-255.
24.
Lapointe, L.L. & Horner, J. (1981). Palilalia: A descriptive study of pathological reiterative utterances. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 46, 34-38.
25.
Merits-Patterson, R. & Reed, C.G. (1981). Disfluencies in the speech of language-delayed children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 55-58.
26.
Pearl, S. & Berenthal, J. (1980). The effect of grammatical complexity on disfluency behavior of nonstuttering preschool children. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 5, 55-68.
27.
Perkins, W.H. (1971). Speech pathology: An applied behavioral science . St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby.
28.
Pindzola, R.H. & White, D.T. (1986). A protocol for differentiating an incipient stutterer . Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 17, 2-15.
29.
Rosenbek, J.C. (1980). Apraxia of speech-relationship to stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 5, 233-253.
30.
Rosenbek, J.C. (1984). Stuttering secondary to nervous system damage . In Curlee & W. Perkins (Eds.), Nature & Treatment of Stuttering: New Directions. San Diego: College-Hill Press.
31.
Rosenbek, J., Mcneil, M.R., Lemme, M.L., Prescott, T.E., & Alfre, A.C. (1975). Speech and language findings in a chronic hemodialysis patient: A case report. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 40, 245-252.
32.
Rosenbek, J., Messert, B., Collins, M., & Wertz, R. (1978). Stuttering following brain damage. Brain and Language, 6, 82-96.
33.
Ryan, B.P. (1974). Programmed therapy for stuttering in children and adults. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
34.
Sabin, E.J., et al. (1979). A pausological approach to speech development . In A.W. Siegman & S. Feldstein (Eds.). Of speech and time. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
35.
Shane, M.L.S. (1955). Effect on stuttering of alteration in auditory feedback. In W. Johnson & R.R. Leutenegger. (Eds.). Stuttering in Children and Adults. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Minnesota Press.
36.
Silliman, E.R. & Leslie, S.P. (1983, December). Social and cognitive aspects of fluency in the instructional setting. Topics in Language Disorders , p. 61-74.
37.
Stromsta, C. (1965). A spectrographic study of disfluencies labeled as stuttering by parents. De Therapia Vocis et Loquelae, Vol. 1XIII Cong. Int. Soc. Logopedics and Phoniatrics.
38.
Van Riper, C. (1982). The nature of stuttering (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
39.
Wall, M.J. & Myers, F.L. (1982). A review of linguistic factors associated with early childhood stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders , 15, 441-449.
40.
Wexler, K.B. (1982). Developmental disfluency in 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old boys in neutral and stress situations. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 229-234.
41.
Yairi, E. & Clifton, JR, N.F. (1972). Disfluent speech behavior of preschool children, high school seniors, and geriatric persons. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15, 714-719.
42.
Yairi, E. & Lewis, B. (1984). Disfluencies at the onset of stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 154-159.
