Integrating Implementation Science in Interpersonal Violence Research and Practice: A Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators of Implementation

Abstract

Despite the prevalence and harmful consequences of interpersonal violence and the growth in intervention research, applying research evidence and strategies into practice remains limited. This systematic review addresses this gap by using the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) to characterize barriers and facilitators in efforts to prevent and address interpersonal violence. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and APA PsycInfo. The searches resulted in 1,319 articles for initial screening, with 31 studies included in the final synthesis. The selected studies were original research highlighting barriers and facilitators of implementing interpersonal violence interventions for adolescents and adults across various US settings, employing quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods approaches. Excluded studies included protocols, reviews, and research that did not identify barriers or facilitators of implementing violence prevention or intervention programs. Published from 2007 to 2023, the selected studies spanned healthcare, school, community, correctional, and military settings. Using the CFIR, the review identified multilevel barriers (e.g., lack of cultural relevance, leadership commitment) and facilitators (e.g., intervention adaptability, stakeholder engagement) across five domains: outer setting (external factors), inner setting (organizational characteristics) implementation process, individual characteristics, and intervention characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of adaptable, culturally relevant strategies and comprehensive stakeholder involvement for effective implementation. The review emphasizes the need for enhanced pre-implementation planning, capacity building, and organizational support to address identified barriers. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for further research in under-researched settings, employing evidence-based implementation strategies.