The context of budgeting determines the extent of exposure to disturbances and establishes its boundaries and opportunities. Further, budgets that bear the brunt of market and social or national external forces need to be made flexible to ensure success in execution. This study uses historical data on key budget items of local governments to establish boundaries drawn by prior budget policies, and suggests frameworks for ensuring accuracy in the development and execution of a flexible budget.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AucoinP. (1990). Administrative Reform in Public Management: Paradigms, Principles, Paradoxes, and Pendulums. Governance3 (2): 115–137.
2.
AxelrodD. (1995). Budgeting for Modern Government, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3.
BarzelayM. (2001). The New Public Management: Improving Research and Policy Dialogue. Bekerley, CA: University of California Press.
4.
BeckettJ. (2000). The Government Should Run Like a Business’ Mantra. The American Review of Public Administration, 30: 185–204.
5.
BeckettJ. and KingC.S. (2002). The Challenge to Improve Citizen Participation in Public Budgeting: A Discussion. Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 14: 463–485.
6.
BozemanB. and StraussmanJ.D. (1982). Shrinking Budgets and the Shrinkage of Budget Theory. Public Administration Review, 42(6)509 – 515.
7.
CampbellJ.P. (1977). On the Nature of Organizational Effectiveness. In GoodmanP.S. and PenningsJ.M., eds. New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
8.
ChenG.G.DallW.F.WeikartL.F., and WilliamsD.W. (2009). Budget Tools: Financial Methods in the Public Sector. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
9.
de LeonL. and DenhardtR.B. (2000). The Political Theory of Reinvention. Public Administration Review, 60 (2):. 89–97.
10.
DenhardtJ.V. and DenhardtR.B. (2007). The New Public Service: Serving, not Steering.Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
11.
DoamekporF.K. (2007). Indicators of Revenues and Expenditures of State and Local Governments: A Measurement Model Approach. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management.19 (1): 1–32.
12.
FryB.R. (1989). Mastering Public Administration: From Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publisher.
13.
GianakisA.G., and McCueC.P. (1999). Local Government Budgeting: A Managerial Approach. Westport, CT: Praeger.
14.
KatzD. and KahnR. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
15.
KellyJ.M. and RivenbarkW.C. (2011). Performance Budgeting for State and Local Government, 2nd ed. Armonk: NY: M.E. Sharpe.
16.
LeeR.DJr.. and JohnsonR.W. (1998). Public Budgeting Systems, 6th ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.
17.
LewisC.W. and HildrethW.B. (2011). Budgeting: Politics and Power. New York: Oxford University Press.
18.
LynchT.D. (1990). Public Budgeting in America. 3rd edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
19.
MikesellJ.L. (1995). Fiscal Administration: Analysis and Applications for the Public Sector, 4th ed. Belmont: CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
20.
OsborneD. and GaeblerT. (1992). Reinventing Government. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
21.
RubinI.S. (2010). The Politics of Public Budgeting: Getting and Spending, Borrowing and Balancing, 6th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
22.
WangX.H. (2010). Financial Management in the Public Sector: Tools, Applications, and Cases, 2nd ed. Armonk: NY: M.E. Sharpe.
23.
WildavskyA.B. (1984). The Politics of the Budgetary Process, 4th ed. Boston: Little, Brown.
24.
WildavskyA.B. (1988). The New Politics of the Budgetary Process. Glen-view, IL: Scott and Foresman.
25.
YuchtmanE. and SeashoreS. (1967). A System Resource Approach to Organizational Effectiveness. American Sociological Review, 32 (6): 891–903.