The problem and the solution. At present, there is no publication that brings together the experience of rapidly changing countries and their attempts at national human resource development. This issue explores different approaches to national human resource development in transitioning nations and highlights the forces working for and against their success. A review of related research, an informed theoretical framework, and a model for examining human resource development in transitioning societies in the developing world is presented and discussed in this article. Its purpose is to provide a basis for discussion and comparisons between the selected case examples in the developing world that make up this issue.