Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems in Perioperative Care: Safety During Anesthesia

Abstract

Background:

There is limited evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) systems during the perioperative period. Specific management guidelines for these systems are lacking.

Objective:

To describe glycemic control metrics in patients with AHCL system during the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

Methods:

Analytical study based on a prospective cohort of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes who are treated with AHCL system (MiniMed™780G, Medtronic, USA) and are undergoing surgical procedures. The study compared time in range (%TIR) between 70 and 180 mg/dL, time below range (%TBR) <70 and <54 mg/dL, time above range (%TAR) >180 and >250 mg/dL, and time in normoglycemia range (%TINR) between 70 and 140 mg/dL during the intraoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative periods, with baseline measurements.

Results:

The analysis included 15 patients (86% T1D; 55.4 ± 16.3 years) and 17 surgical procedures (70% elective; mean duration 65.3 ± 36.3 min). Baseline data obtained 24 h prior to the admission: %TIR 78.4 ± 17.5%, %TINR 58.6 ± 22.9%, and %TBR <70 mg/dL 3.7 ± 4.2%. During the intraoperative period, %TIR increased to 99.6 ± 1.5% (P < 0.001), and %TBR <70 mg/dL decreased to 0 (P < 0.001). %TAR >180 mg/dL decreased from 17.8 ± 16.8% to 0.1 ± 1.5% (P < 0.001). No hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL or <54 mg/dL were documented in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods. No severe adverse events related to device use were recorded.

Conclusions:

During the perioperative period, continuing insulin infusion using AHCL system is feasible, maintaining high levels of %TIR and %TINR, without hypoglycemia or serious adverse events. Randomized clinical trials are needed to compare the use of this technology with usual care.