This work highlights the recycling of waste carpet (Jute) to develop epoxy composites using a modified vacuum-assisted environment. Incorporating Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) into the epoxy matrix in different weight percentages improves the physio-mechanical properties. The MWCNT was supplemented at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% to investigate the mechanical aspects of composite samples. The nanofiller (MWCNT) dispersion in the epoxy matrix was simulated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The results were compared to the neat (pristine) sample to study the influence of nano-supplement. The Tensile, Flexural, and Impact tests were the selected experiments to assess the material characteristics. The findings show the feasibility of the developed samples for lightweight structural applications such as toy items, wall tiles, roof tiles, sound insulation, and roadside barriers. It could be endorsed as a feasible way to handle the waste issues generated by the carpet and textile sources.
TeliMD. Finishing of carpets for value addition. In: GoswamiKK (ed). Advances in Carpet Manufacture. United Kingdom: Elsevier, pp. 175–211.
2.
MohammadhosseiniHYatimJM. Microstructure and residual properties of green concrete composites incorporating waste carpet fibers and palm oil fuel ash at elevated temperatures. J Clean Prod2017; 144: 8–21.
3.
Dos ReisJML. Effect of textile waste on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete. Mater Res2009; 12: 63–67.
4.
Yalcin-enisIKucukali-ozturkMSezginH. Risks and management of textile waste. In: GothandamKMRanjanSDasguptaN, et al. (eds). Nanoscience and Biotechnology for Environmental Applications. Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2019, pp. 29–53.
5.
IslamSBhatG. Environmentally-friendly thermal and acoustic insulation materials from recycled textiles. J Environ Manage2019; 251: 109536.
ZaghloulMMYSteelKVeidtM, et al.Wear behaviour of polymeric materials reinforced with man-made fibres: a comprehensive review about fibre volume fraction influence on wear performance. J Reinf Plast Compos2022; 41: 215–241.
8.
Mahmoud ZaghloulMYYousry ZaghloulMMYousry ZaghloulMM. Developments in polyester composite materials – an in-depth review on natural fibres and nano fillers. Compos Struct2021; 278: 114698.
9.
JainAPandeyGSinghAK, et al.Fabrication of structural composites from waste carpet. Adv Polym Technol2012; 31: 380–389.
10.
KaradumanYOnalL. Water absorption behavior of carpet waste jute-reinforced polymer composites. J Compos Mater2011; 45: 1559–1571.
11.
KaradumanYOnalL. Flexural behavior of commingled jute/polypropylene nonwoven fabric reinforced sandwich composites. Compos B Eng2016; 93: 12–25.
12.
KarthiNKumaresanKSathishS, et al.Effect of weight fraction on the mechanical properties of flax and jute fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Mater Today Proc2021; 45: 8006–8010.
13.
ValipourMTabatabaiePMohammadiniaA. Transportation geotechnics application of recycled tire polymer fibers and glass fibers for clay reinforcement. Transp Geotech2021; 27: 100474.
14.
FashandiHRezaHLatifiM, et al.application of modified carpet waste cuttings for production of eco-efficient lightweight concrete. Constr Build Mater2019; 198: 629–637.
15.
HossenJBegumHAUddinMM, et al.Investigating the Physical Properties of Treated and Untreated Jute Fibre-Polyester Composites. Asian J Text2018; 8: 13–21.
16.
MohammadhosseiniHTahirMSayyedMI. Strength and transport properties of concrete composites incorporating waste carpet fibres and palm oil fuel ash. J Build Eng2018; 20: 156–165.
17.
KhanMIUmairMShakerK, et al.impact of waste fibers on the mechanical performance of concrete composites. J Text Inst2020; 111: 1632–1640.
18.
AwalASMAMAMohammadhosseiniH. Green concrete production incorporating waste carpet fiber and palm oil fuel ash. J Clean Prod2016; 137: 157–166.
19.
JanbooranapinijKYimponpipatpolANgamthanacomN, et al.Conversion of industrial carpet waste into adsorbent materials for organic dye removal from water. Clean Eng Technol2021; 4: 100150.
20.
PakravanHRMemarianF. Needlefelt carpet waste as lightweight aggregate for polymer concrete composite. J Ind Text2015; 46: 833–851.
21.
SanvezzoPBBrancifortiMC. Recycling of industrial waste based on jute fiber-polypropylene: Manufacture of sustainable fiber-reinforced polymer composites and their characterization before and after accelerated aging. Ind Crops Prod2021; 168: 113568.
22.
SotayoAGreenSTurveyG. Development , characterisation and finite element modelling of novel waste carpet composites for structural applications. J Clean Prod2018; 183: 686–697.
23.
AlirezaSAmeriFBahramiN, et al.Green high strength concrete containing recycled waste ceramic aggregates and waste carpet fibers: Mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties. J Build Eng2019; 26: 100914.
24.
ZaghloulMMYMohamedYSEl-GamalH. Fatigue and tensile behaviors of fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites embedded with nanoparticles. J Compos Mater2019; 53: 709–718.
25.
ZaghloulMMYM. Mechanical properties of linear low-density polyethylene fire-retarded with melamine polyphosphate. J Appl Polym Sci2018; 135: 1–12.
26.
MohamedYSEl-GamalHZaghloulMMY. Micro-hardness behavior of fiber reinforced thermosetting composites embedded with cellulose nanocrystals. Alexandria Eng J2018; 57: 4113–4119.
27.
ZaghloulMYZaghloulMMY. Experimental and modeling of mechanical-electrical behavior of polypropylene composites filled with graphite and MWCNT fillers. Polym Test2017; 63: 467–474.
28.
KumarJKumarKJaiswalB, et al.investigation on the physio-mechanical properties of carpet waste polymer composites incorporated with multi-wall carbon nanotube ( MWCNT ). J Text Inst2022: 1–10.
29.
KambleZBeheraBKKimuraT, et al.Development and characterization of thermoset nanocomposites reinforced with cotton fibres recovered from textile waste. J Ind Text2020: 1–27.
30.
TaraghiIFereidoonAMohyeddinA. The effect of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of woven Kevlar/epoxy composites. Steel Compos Struct2014; 17: 825–834.
31.
MishraKVaidyanathanRK. Application of recycled carpet composite as a potential noise barrier in infrastructure applications. Recycling2019; 4(1–11): 9.
32.
ZaghloulMMYZaghloulMMY. Influence of flame retardant magnesium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of high density polyethylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos2017; 36: 1802–1816.
33.
TshaiKYKhaliliPKongI, et al.Synthesization of graphene and its incorporation into natural fiber reinforced thermosetting nanocomposite. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci2016; 11: 121–127.
34.
GangD. The effect of surface treatment of CF and graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of PI composite. J Thermoplast Compos Mater2018; 31: 1219–1231.
35.
MittalGDhandVRheeKY, et al.A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem2015; 21: 11–25.
36.
SadrolodabaeePClaramuntJArdanuyM, et al.A textile waste fiber-reinforced cement composite : comparison between short random fiber and textile reinforcement. Materials (Basel)2021; 14(1–17): 3742.
37.
PapageorgiouDGLiZLiuM, et al.Mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement by graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites. Nanoscale2020; 12: 2228–2267.
38.
HenriquesPCBorgesIPintoAM, et al.Fabrication and antimicrobial performance of surfaces integrating graphene-based materials. Carbon N Y2018; 132: 709–732.
39.
AverettRDRealffMLMichielsenS, et al.Mechanical behavior of nylon 66 fibers under monotonic and cyclic loading. Compos Sci Technol2006; 66: 1671–1681.
40.
VermaRKJaiswalBVishwakarmaR, et al.Polymer composite developed from discarded carpet for light weight structural applications : Development and Mechanical analysis. E3s Web Conf2021; 309(1–5): 01154.
41.
OzgerOBGirardiFGiannuzziGM, et al.effect of nylon fibres on mechanical and thermal properties of hardened concrete for energy storage systems. Mater Des2013; 51: 989–997.
42.
SanjeeviSShanmugamVKumarS, et al.Effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibre/phenol formaldehyde composites. Sci Rep2021; 11: 1–11.
43.
KumarTGopeSMondalD, et al.Assessment of morphology and property of graphene oxide-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose nanocomposite films. Int J Biol Macromol2014; 66: 338–345.
44.
AlhuthaliALowIMDongC. Characterisation of the water absorption, mechanical and thermal properties of recycled cellulose fibre reinforced vinyl-ester eco-nanocomposites. Compos Part B Eng2012; 43: 2772–2781.
45.
GhasemiHMirzadehABatesPJ, et al.Characterization of recycled polyamide 6: effect of polypropylene and inorganic contaminants on mechanical properties. Polym Test2015; 42: 69–78.
