Daylight measurements were carried out at five locations in the United Kingdom as part of the International Daylight Measurement Programme of the Commission International de l'Eclairage. The reporting frequencies range from five-minute to half-hourly time series. Data were collected at Garston (North London), Sheffield, Manchester, Edinburgh (urban) and Edinburgh (suburban). Three existing diffuse and global luminous efficacy models are evaluated against the UK database. The models range from the sophisticated to the simplest. For instance the Perez model involves the incorporation of global and diffuse irradiation as well as precipitation data, whereas the simplest possible model assumes an average value for the respective efficacies. An innovative procedure is described for the statistical validation of the Perez, JOULE and the average-value efficacy models. A simple model which defines luminous efficacy as a function of the irradiation clearness index is presented. The performance of the proposed model is compared with that of the three current ones.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Muneer T. and Kinghorn D.Solar irradiation and daylight data for the United Kingdom and Japan (with compact disk) (Napier University, Edinburgh) (1996)
2.
CIE Guide to recommended practice of daylight measurement Technical Report CIE 108-1994 of Technical Committee 3.09 (Paris : Commission International de l'Eclairage) (1994)
3.
Hardwick R.International daylight measurement project internal report ( University of Sheffield) (1995)
4.
Tregenza P.R.Standardisation of UK daylight data Final report for EPSRC research grant GR/K07829 (Swindon: Engineering and Physical Science Research Council) (1995 )
5.
Littlefair P.Private communication (Garston , UK: Building Research Establishment) (1992)
6.
Muneer T., Angus R. and Webb R.Daylight and solar radiation measurement and modelling at urban and suburban sites in Edinburgh Energy Technology Support Unit Report S/N3/00123/REP (London: UK Dept of Trade and Industry/ HMSO) (1995)
7.
Bird R.E. and Hulstrom R.L.A simplified clear-sky model for the direct and diffuse insolation on horizontal surfacesUS SERI Tech. ReportTR-642-761,38 (Golden, CO) (1981)
8.
Pisimanis D. , Notaridou V. and Lalas D.P.Estimating direct, diffuse and global radiation on an arbitrarily inclined plane inGreece Solar Energy39(3) 159-172 (1987)
9.
Muneer T., Gul M., Kambezidis H. and Allwinkle S.An all-sky solar radiation model based on meteorological dataProc. CIBSE/ASHRAE Joint Annual Conf, Harrogate , UK (1996)
10.
Kambezidis H., Psiloglou B. and Synodinou B.Comparison between measurements and models for daily solar irradiation on tilted surfaces in Athens, Greece J. Renewable Energy10505-518 (1997)
11.
Muneer T. and Gul M.Detailed evaluation of a meteorological radiation model using long-term data fromUK locations Energy Conversion & Management39(1) (1998)
12.
Drummond A.J. and Angstrom A.K.Derivation of the photometric flux of daylight from filtered measurements of global (sun and sky) radiant energyApplied Optics102024 (1971)
13.
Pleijel G.The computation of natural radiation in architecture and town planningMeddelande Bull., Stockholm2530 (1954)
14.
Blackwell M.J.Five years continuous recordings of total and diffuse solar radiation at Kew Observatory Meteorological Research Publication 895 (London: Meteorological Office ) (1954)
Drummond A.J.Notes on the measurement of natural illumination II. Daylight and skylight at Pretoria: The luminous efficacy of daylight. Arch. Met. Wien Series B 9149 (1958)
17.
Moon P.Proposed standard solar radiation curves for engineering useJ. Franklin Inst.11583 (1940)
18.
McDermott L.H. and Gordon-Smith G.W.Daylight illumination recorded at TeddingtonProc. Build. Res. Cong. Division 3 Part III p156 (1940)
19.
Hopkinson R.G. , Petherbridge P. and Longmore J.Daylighting (London: Heinemann) (1966)
20.
Chroscicki W.Calculation methods of determining the value of daylight's intensity on the ground of photometric and actinometric measurementsProc. CIE Barcelona Conf.71.24 (1971)
21.
Aydinli S. and Krochmann J.Data on daylight and solar radiation: Guide on daylight Draft for CIE Technical Committee 4.2 (Paris: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) (1983)
22.
Muneer T. and Angus R.C.Daylight illuminance models for theUnited Kingdom Lighting Res. Technol.25113-123 (1993)
23.
Muneer T. and Angus R.C.Luminous efficacy: Evaluation of models for theUnited Kingdom Lighting Res. Technol.2771-77 (1995)
24.
Perez R., Ineichen P. and Seals R.Modelling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradianceSolar Energy44(5) 271-289 (1990)
25.
Muneer T.Solar radiation and daylight models for energy efficient design of buildings (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann ) (1997)
26.
Palz W. and Grief J.CEC European Solar Radiation Atlas (Berlin: Springer) (1996).
27.
Littlefair P.J.Internal report (Garston , UK: Building Research Establishment) (1996)
28.
ChauvelP.Dynamic characteristics of daylight data and daylighting design in buildings Final Report JOULE CT 90-0064 (Brussels: CEC) (1993)
29.
DuMortier D.Modelling global and diffuse horizontal irradiances under cloudless skies with different turbidities Report for JOULE 2 Project ( Brussels: CEC) (1994)
30.
DuMortier D.Discussion on the prediction of irradiances for clear sky conditions Report for JOULE 2 Project (Brussels: CEC) (1994)
31.
Delaunay J.J.Development and performance assessment of luminous efficacy models Internal Report (Freiburg, Germany: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems) (1995)
32.
Muneer T.Solar irradiance and illuminance models for Japan II: Luminous efficaciesLighting Res. Technol.27223-230 (1995)
33.
Gueymard C.The effect of cloudless atmospheres on the luminous efficacy of beam, diffuse and global radiationProc. Solar'95 Conf pp188-193 (Place of publication?: American Solar Energy Society) (1995)
34.
SPSS Base 7.0 for Windows User's Guide ( Chicago, Illinois, USA: Statistical Package for Social Scientists) (1996)
35.
Afifi A.A. and Azen S.P.Statistical analysis -A computer oriented approach (London : Academic) (1979)
36.
Draper N.R. and Smith H.Applied regression analysis (New York: Wiley) (1981)
37.
Montgomery D.C. and Peck E.A.Introduction to linear regression analysis (New York: Wiley) ( 1982)
38.
Hamilton L.C.Regression with Graphics ( Belmont, California: Duxbury Press) ( 1992)
39.
Muneer T.Evaluation of luminous efficacy models againstJapanese data Ambient Energy17(4) 212-216 (October 1996)
