Cone fundamentals: A model for the future of colorimetry

Abstract

Cone fundamentals is the name given to the relative spectral sensitivity of long-wave sensitive, medium-wave sensitive and short-wave sensitive cones. Cone fundamentals represent the spectral absorptances of the retinal photopigments in the cones multiplied by the spectral transmittances of the ocular media through which light passes to reach the retina. The CIE 2006 cone fundamentals are based on the Stiles and Burch experimental colour matches and have been validated by recent microspectrophotometric measurements and modelling. A new physiologically based version of the MacLeod–Boynton chromaticity diagram is proposed by the CIE as well as a cone-fundamental-based (x_F, y_F) chromaticity diagram. All the data necessary to use these concepts for high-precision colorimetric calculations are readily available.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Judd

. Fundamental studies of color vision from 1860 to 1960. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1966; 55: 1313–1330.

Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. CIE Publication 170-1-2006 Fundamental Chromaticity Diagram with Physiological Axes, Vienna: CIE, 2006. . CIE Publication 170-2 (in press).

Stockman

Sharpe

. The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype. Vision Research 2000; 40: 1711–1737.

Stiles

Burch

. N.P.L. colour-matching investigation: Final report (1958). Optica Acta 1959; 6: 1–26.

MacLeod

DIA

Boynton

. Chromaticity diagram showing cone excitation by stimuli of equal luminance. Journal of the Optical Society of America 1979; 69: 1183–1183.

Stockman

Sharpe

Cone spectral sensitivities and color matching. In: Gegenfurtner

Sharpe

(eds). Color Vision: From Genes to Perception, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 53–87.

Stockman A. Physiologically-based colour matching functions: Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. Proceedings of CIE 2012 “Lighting Quality and Energy Efficiency”, Hangzhou, China, September 19–21: 2012: pp. 49–56.

Stiles

Burch

. Interim report to the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, Zurich, 1955, on the National Physical Laboratory’s investigation of colour-matching (1955). Optica Acta 1955; 2: 168–181.

Viénot

Walraven

Colour-matching functions, physiological basis. In: Schanda

(ed). Colorimetry: Understanding the CIE System, Vienna: CIE and Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007, pp. 219–243.

10.

Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. CIE Publication 86-1990 2° Spectral Luminous Efficiency Function for Photopic Vision, Vienna: CIE, 1990.

11.

Sharpe

Stockman

Jägle

Nathans

Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness. In: Gegenfurtner

Sharpe

(eds). Color Vision: From Genes to Perception, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 3–52.

12.

Sharpe

Stockman

Jagla

Jagle

. A luminous efficiency function, V*(λ), for daylight adaptation. Journal of Vision 2005; 5: 3–3.

13.

Sharpe

Stockman

Jagla

Jägle

. A luminous efficiency function, VD65* (λ), for daylight adaptation: A correction. Color Research and Application 2011; 36: 42–46.

14.

Wold

Valberg

. General method for deriving an XYZ tristimulus space exemplified by use of the Stiles–Burch 1955 2° color matching data. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 1999; 16: 2845–2845.

15.

Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. CIE Publication 15-2004. Colorimetry, 3rd. Vienna: CIE, 2004.

16.

Wold

Valberg . The derivation of XYZ tristimulus spaces: A comparison of two alternative methods. Color Research and Application 2001; 26: S222–S224.

17.

Colour and Vision Research Laboratory and database, Colour & Vision Research laboratory and database, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London. Retrieved from http://www.cvrl.org/ (accessed 17 December 2015).