The method for evaluating the colour rendering of light-emitting diode sources is controversial, especially for the appearance of human complexions. A psychophysical experiment was conducted using Chinese models to examine the effect of various illumination settings, characterized by two levels of preferred skin colour index and four levels of correlated colour temperature, on preference for the appearance of the Chinese complexion. Results showed that the preferred skin colour index was an effective indicator. Taking incomplete colour adaptation into account, the preferred skin colour index was recalculated and shown to be the best colour rendering index for the appearance of the Chinese complexion. This research examined the concept of preferred skin colour index for Chinese women. This can supplement other colour quality evaluation methods, and shows promise for commercial lighting applications.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
StephenIDSmithMJLStirratMRPerrettDI. Facial skin colouration affects perceived health of human faces. International Journal of Primatology2009; 30: 845–857.
2.
SwamiVRozmus-WrzesinskaMPawlowskiBVoracekMHaubnerTDanelD. The influence of skin tone, body weight, and hair colour on perceptions of women's attractiveness and health: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology2008; 6: 321–341.
3.
FinkBGrammerKThornhillR. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness in relation to skin texture and colour. Journal of Comparative Psychology2001; 115: 92–99.
4.
BuckGBFroelichHC. Color characteristics of human complexions. Illuminating Engineering1948; 43: 27–49.
5.
ReaMSRobertsonARPetrusicWM. Colour rendering of skin under fluorescent lamp illumination. Color Research and Application1990; 15: 80–91.
6.
Wei M, Houser KW, David A, Krames MR. Perceptual responses to LED illumination with colour rendering indices of 85 and 97. Lighting Research and Technology, in press.
7.
WeiMHouserKWAllenGRBeersWW. Colour preference under LEDs with diminished yellow emission. Leukos2014; 10: 119–131.
8.
Jost-Boissard S, Avouac P, Fontoynont M. Preferred color rendition of skin under LED sources, Leukos, in press.
9.
Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. CIE Publication 13.3. Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering Properties of Light Sources, Vienna: CIE, 1995.
10.
EdwardsEADuntleySQ. The pigments and colour of living human skin. American Journal of Anatomy1939; 65: 1–33.
11.
SandersCL. Colour preferences for natural objects. Journal of the Optical Society of America1957; 47: 116.
12.
KuangJJiangXQuanSChiuA. A psychophysical study on the influence factors of colour preference in photographic colour reproduction. Image Quality and System Performance II2005; 5668: 12–19.
13.
TaylorCCliffordAFranklinA. Colour preferences are not universal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General2012; 142: 1015–1027.
14.
SaitoM. A comparative study of colour preferences in Japan, China and Indonesia, with emphasis on the preference for white. Perceptual and Motor Skills1996; 83: 115–128.
15.
YanoTHashimotoK. Preference for Japanese complexion colour under illumination. Color Research and Application1997; 22: 269–274.
16.
QuellmanEMBoycePR. The light source colour preferences of people of different skin tones. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society2002; 31: 109–118.
17.
HouserKWWeiMDavidAKramesMRShenXS. Review of measures for light-source colour rendition and considerations for a two-measure system for characterizing colour rendition. Optics Express2013; 21: 10393–10411.
18.
SmetKAGRyckaertWRPointerMRDeconinckGHanselaerP. Memory colours and colour quality evaluation of conventional and solid-state lamps. Optics Express2010; 18: 26229–26244.
NarendranNDengL. Colour rendering properties of LED light sources. Solid State Lighting II2002; 4776: 61–67.
21.
IslamMSDangolRHyvarinenMBhusalPPuolakkaMHalonenL. Investigation of user preferences for LED lighting in terms of light spectrum. Lighting Research and Technology2013; 45: 641–665.
22.
Jost-Boissard S, Avouac P, Fontoynont M. Assessing the colour quality of LED sources: Naturalness, attractiveness, colourfulness and colour difference. Lighting Research and Technology, First published 18 November 2014. DOI: 10.1177/1477153514555882.
23.
SchandaJ. A combined colour preference-colour rendering index. Lighting Research and Technology1985; 17: 31–34.
24.
VeitchJAWhiteheadLAMossmanMPilditchTD. Chromaticity-matched but spectrally different light source effects on simple and complex colour judgments. Color Research and Application2014; 39: 263–274.
25.
YanoTHashimotoK. Preference Index for Japanese complexion colour under illumination. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan1998; 82: 895–901.
26.
YamaguchiSSaitoTIwaiW. Spectral characteristics of LED light sources for preferred appearance of facial skin colour. Panasonic Technical Journal2012; 58: 62–66.
27.
HurlbertACLingYZ. Biological components of sex differences in colour preference. Current Biology2007; 17: 623–625.
28.
FeinmanSGillGW. Sex differences in physical attractiveness preferences. Journal of Social Psychology1978; 105: 43–52.
29.
SobagakiHNayataniY. Field trials of the CIE chromatic adaptation transform. Color Research and Application1998; 23: 78–91.
30.
Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. CIE Publication 109-1994. A Method of Predicting Corresponding Colours under Different Chromatic and Illumination Adaptations, Vienna: CIE, 1994.
31.
YanoTHashimotoKNayataniY. Colour image reproduction using CIE chromatic adaptation transform. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan1998; 82: 84–90.
32.
FairchildMDReniffL. Time course of chromatic adaptation for color-appearance judgments. Journal of the Optical Society of America A1996; 12: 824–833.
33.
SmetKAGRyckaertWRPointerMRDeconinckGHanselaerP. A memory colour quality metric for white light sources. Energy and Buildings2012; 49: 216–225.
34.
KenjiroHYanoTShimizuMNayataniY. New method for specifying colour-rendering properties of light sources based on feeling of contrast. Color Research and Application2007; 32: 361–371.
