An online monitoring technology of tower foundation deformation of transmission lines

Abstract

In this article, an online monitoring technology applied to transmission line towers is proposed to overcome the problems that the foundation deformation is difficult to find in the mining area, river, hillside, and other special areas. The measurement of the stress or the strain caused by the tower foundation deformation are rarely issued, though the tower status can be possibly assessed by the stress or the strain. A new online monitoring technology of tower foundation deformation of transmission lines is developed which consists of three parts. In the first part, the stress or the strain of the key elements is effectively analyzed under the different deformations such as foundation settlement, inclination, and side-slip with the tower finite element model built and the wind load and ice load applied on the tower. In the second part, the experimental platform of tower stress tests is set up, and the internal relations between the stress variation and the tower foundation deformation are determined. In the third part, the online monitoring technology of tower foundation deformation of transmission lines is developed based on fiber Bragg grating stress sensor and successfully applied in Jibei power grid in China. The results show that all the monitored stresses fluctuating with the wind speed are small in case that the condition of tower foundation is normal; on the contrary, the corresponding stresses will change greatly.

Keywords

Transmission lines foundation deformation online monitoring fiber Bragg grating

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Huang

Chen

Wang

. Online monitoring of tower inclination of transmission line. In: Deng

HXB

(ed.) Transmission line on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis. 2nd ed.Beijing, China: China Electric Power Press, 2014, pp. 361–370.

Yang

Han

et al . Study on the limited values of foundation deformation for a typical UHV transmission tower. IEEE T Power Deliver2010; 25(4): 2752–2758.

Digioia

Rojas-Gonzalez

. Rock socket transmission line foundation performance. IEEE T Power Deliver1994; 9(3): 1570–1576.

Pandzic

Conejo

Kuzle

et al . Yearly maintenance scheduling of transmission lines within a market environment. IEEE T Power Syst2012; 27(1): 407–415.

Braga

Junqueira

RMR

. Methodology for planning tower leg foundations corrosion maintenance of overhead transmission lines based on GIS. IEEE T Power Deliver2016; 31(4): 1601–1608.

Yasui

Marukawa

Momomura

et al . Analytical study on wind-induced vibration of power transmission towers. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod1999; 83(1): 431–441.

Loredo-Souza

Davenport

. The influence of the design methodology in the response of transmission towers to wind loading. J Wind Eng Ind Aerod2003; 91(1): 995–1005.

Ozono

Maeda

. In-plane dynamic interaction between a tower and conductors at lower frequencies. Eng Struct1992; 14(4): 210–216.

Roy

Fang

Rossow

. Secondary stresses on transmission tower structures. J Energ Eng: ASCE1984; 110(2): 157–172.

10.

Albermani

Kitipornchai

. Numerical simulation of structural behaviour of transmission towers. Thin Wall Struct2003; 41(2–3): 167–177.

11.

Knight

GMS

Santhakumar

. Joint effects on behavior of transmission towers. J Struct Eng: ASCE1993; 119(3): 698–712.

12.

Albermani

Kitipornchai

Chan

RWK

. Failure analysis of transmission towers. Eng Fail Anal2009; 16(6): 1922–1928.

13.

Worden

Farrar

Manson

et al . The fundamental axioms of structural health monitoring. P Roy Soc A: Math Phy2007; 463(2082): 1639–1664.

14.

Blayac

Rivero

Fornara

et al . Mechanical–electrical measurements and relevant test structures for sensing interconnect stress effects in CMOS technology. IEEE T Semiconduct M2012; 25(4): 564–570.

15.

Noh

Jeong

. Measure the impact of audio-visual stimulation on human stress level by using unconstrained BCG measurement system. In: Proceedings of the 2012 7th international conference on computing and convergence technology (ICCCT), Seoul, South Korea, 3–5 December 2012, pp. 313–316. New York: IEEE.

16.

Mehrani

Ayoub

. Evaluation of fiber optic sensors for remote health monitoring of bridge structures. Mater Struct2009; 42(2): 183–199.

17.

Quan

et al . A fiber Bragg grating tension and tilt sensor applied to icing monitoring on overhead transmission lines. IEEE T Power Deliver2011; 26(4): 2163–2170.

18.

Madjdabadi

Valley

Dusseault

et al . Experimental evaluation of a distributed Brillouin sensing system for measuring extensional and shear deformation in rock. Measurement2016; 77: 54–66.

19.

Almubaied

Chai

Islam

et al . Monitoring corrosion process of reinforced concrete structure using FBG strain sensor. IEEE T Instrum Meas2017; 66(8): 2148–2155.

20.

Zhang

Wang

Zhang

et al . Internal strain monitoring for coal mining similarity model based on distributed fiber optical sensing. Measurement2017; 97: 234–241.

21.

Han

Huang

Shao

. Nonlinear kinetostatic modeling of double-tensural fully-compliant bistable mechanisms. Int J Nonlin Mech2017; 93: 41–46.

22.

Chen

Wang

Liu

. Generalized equations for estimating stress concentration factors of various notch flexure Hinges. J Mech Des: T ASME2014; 136(3): 031009.

23.

Garcia

Burgos

Alonso

. Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I: theoretical foundation. IEEE T Power Deliver2006; 21(1): 157–163.

24.

Gifford

Froggatt

Sang

et al . Multiple fiber loop strain rosettes in a single fiber using high resolution distributed sensing. IEEE Sens J2012; 12(1): 55–63.

25.

Hong

Deswal

De Leon

. An online data-driven technique for the detection of transformer winding deformations. IEEE T Power Deliver2018; 33: 600–609.

26.

Huang

Zhang

et al . An online technology for measuring icing shape on conductor based on vision and force sensors. IEEE T Instrum Meas2017; 66(12): 3180–3189.

27.

Peng

Liao

Zhang

et al . New method of measuring fiber’s valid elastic optical constant. Opt Technic2005; 31(5): 655–658.

28.

Campos-Puebla

Sánchez-Pérez

Argueta-Díaz

. Optical submicrometer displacement sensor based on the Herriot cell. IEEE Sens J2017; 17(6): 1715–1720.

29.

Abedin

. Tunable F-P filter with dual transmission peaks suitable for demultiplexing in mm-wave radio-on-fibre dense WDM systems. Electron Lett2004; 40(12): 761–763.

30.

Zhao

Huang

Zhao

et al . Design of a wireless vibration metre for conductor vibration monitoring. Struct Control Hlth2018; 25(4): e2143.