In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, mainly attributed to the escalating prevalence of obesity and overweight in many populations worldwide, highlighting the need to tackle dietary and physical activity factors. In people with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease is the greatest cause of morbidity and premature mortality, imposing an ever-increasing burden on healthcare resources. Our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes has produced a wealth of studies in recent years, leading to substantial advances in the management of diabetes. This review will consider key landmark studies that have provided evidence to support the use of oral glucose-lowering agents, antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents in this disease, highlighting the practical significance for clinicians.
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