Long-term cancer survival is increasing and, as a consequence, so is the prevalence of secondary malignancies. This study evaluated the patient and tumour characteristics of 117 patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMN). The incidence of MPMN in children and adults was 0.28% and 1.23%, respectively. The male: female ratio was 1.7: 1. The mean ± SE age at tumour diagnosis was 60.56 ± 1.18 years. Overall, the top three tumour sites were the larynx, bladder and breast. Among secondary tumours, lung cancer was the most frequent, followed by breast and colon cancer. Among males, the leading primary and secondary tumour sites were the larynx (30.1%) and lung (50.7%), respectively. Among females, the breasts were both the leading primary (32.6%) and secondary (37.2%) cancer site. The mean ± SE overall survival was 97.2 ± 15.0 months. During follow-up, the brain was the most commonly observed site of metastasis. The occurrence and characteristics of MPMN reported in the literature are also reviewed. The present study contributes towards increasing understanding and treatment of MPMN in a different population group.
BillrothT: Die Allgemeine chirurgische pathologie und therapie In: 51 Vorlesungen—Ein Handbuch fur Studierende und Artze 14 (ReimerG, ed). Berlin: Auflage, 1889; pp 908.
2.
WarrenSGatesO: Multiple primary malignant tumors: A survey of the literature and a statistical study. Am J Cancer1932; 16: 1358–1414.
3.
SchoenbergBS: Multiple primary malignant neoplasms: the Connecticut experience 1935–1964. Recent Results Cancer Res1977; 58: 1–173.
4.
CurtisRFreedmanDMRonE: New malignancies among cancer survivors: SEER cancer registries, 1973–2000. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Publication No. 05-5302. Bethesda, MD: NIH, 2006.
5.
UenoMMutoTOyaM: Multiple primary cancer: an experience at the Cancer Institute Hospital with special reference to colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol2003; 8: 162–167.
6.
MariottoABRowlandJHRiesLA: Multiple cancer prevalence: A growing challenge in long-term survivorship. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2007; 16: 566–570.
7.
LeeTKMyersRTScharyjM: Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT): study of 68 autopsy cases (1963–1980). J Am Geriat Soc1982; 30: 744–753.
8.
SprattJSHoagMG: Incidence of multiple primary cancers per man-year of follow up: 20-year review from Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital. Ann Surgery1966; 164: 775–784.
BergeTCederqvistLSchönebeckJ: Multiple primary malignant tumors: an autopsy study of a circumscribed population. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand1969; 76: 171–183.
11.
HaddowAJBoydJF: Multiple primary neoplasms in the Western Hospital Region, Scotland: A survey based on cancer registration data. Scott Med J1972; 17: 143–152.
12.
NewellGRKrementzET: Multiple malignant neoplasms in the Charity Hospital of Louisiana Tumor Registry. Cancer1977; 40 (4 suppl): 1812–1820.
13.
MunkerRGrutznerSHillerE: Second malignancies after Hodgkin's disease: the Munich experience. Ann Hematol1999; 78: 544–554.
14.
KoutsopoulosAVDambakiKIDatserisG: A novel combination of multiple primary carcinomas: urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma—report of a case and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol2005; 26: 51.
15.
AydinerAKaradenizAUygunK: Multiple primary neoplasms at a single institution: differences between synchronous and metachronous neoplasms. Am J Clin Oncol2000: 23: 364–370.
16.
ParkashO: Multiple primary malignancies. A statistical study based on autopsy data from 1943–1972. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol1977; 375: 281–286.
17.
VyasJJDeshpandeRKSharmaS: Multiple primary cancers in Indian population: metachronous and synchronous lesions. J Surg Oncol1983; 23: 239–249.
18.
EnginK: Cancers in multiple primary sites. Int Surg1994; 79: 33–37.
19.
DemandanteCGTroyerDAMilesTP: Multiple primary malignant neoplasms: case report and a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Clin Oncol2003; 26: 79–83.
20.
BassalMMertensACTaylorL: Risk of selected subsequent carcinomas in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol2006; 20: 476–483.
21.
CrocettiEBuiattiEFaliniP, Multiple Primary Cancer Working Group: Multiple primary cancer incidence in Italy. Eur J Cancer2001; 37: 2449–2456.
22.
BordinGMKeyCRMcQuadeCE: Multiple primary cancers: relative risk in New Mexico's triethnic population. Cancer1977; 40 (4 suppl): 1793–1800.
23.
BergJWSchottenfeldD: Multiple primary cancers at Memorial Hospital 1949–1962. Cancer1977; 40 (4 suppl): 1801–1805.
24.
WatanabeSKodamaTShimosatoY: Multiple primary cancers in 5456 autopsy cases in the National Cancer Center of Japan. J Natl Cancer Inst1984; 72: 1021–1027.
25.
TeppoLPukkalaESaxenE: Multiple cancer—an epidemiologic exercise in Finland. J Natl Cancer Inst1985; 75: 207–217.
26.
FlanneryJTBoiceJDJrDevessaSS: Cancer registration in Connecticut and the study of multiple primary cancers, 1935–82. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr1985; 68: 13–24.
27.
StormHHJensenOMEwertzM: Summary: multiple primary cancers in Denmark, 1943–80. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr1985; 68: 411–430.
28.
KanekoSYamaguchiN: Epidemiological analysis of site relationships of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary cancers in The National Cancer Center, Japan, 1962–1996. Jpn J Clin Oncol1999; 29: 96–105.
29.
KilçiksizSCKaynakCEskiE: Evaluation of multiple primary tumors and single tumors characteristics: A study from hospital-based cancer registry in Izmir. Turk Onkoloji Der2007; 22: 55–62.
30.
BediGCWestraWHGabrielsonE: Multiple head and neck tumors: evidence for a common clonal origin. Cancer Res1996; 56: 2484–2487.
31.
CareyTE: Field cancerization: are multiple primary cancers monoclonal or policlonal?Ann Med1996; 28: 1863–1868.
32.
SlaughterDPSouthwickHWSmejkalW: Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium: clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer1953; 6: 963–968.
33.
SchwartzLHÖzsahinMZhangGN: Synchronous and metachronous head and neck carcinomas. Cancer1994; 74: 1933–1938.
34.
HayatMJHowladerNReichmanME: Cancer statistics, trends, and multiple primary cancer analyses from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Oncologist2007; 12: 20–37.
35.
EhrlichJRSchwartzMJNgCK: The impact of multiple malignancies on patients with bladder carcinoma: A population-based study using the SEER database. Adv Urol2009; 406965 (doi: 10.1155/2009/406965).
