Association of Programmed Cell Death Factor 4 (PDCD4) with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Smoking in a Chinese Male Population

Abstract

Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) is one of the genes that has been found to be up-regulated during apoptosis and loss of PDCD4 expression has been found in many kinds of progressive carcinomas. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between PDCD4 and smoking status in hepatocellular carcinoma. This case-controlled study included 68 Chinese male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were classified as smokers or non-smokers according to their pack-years of smoking status. Samples were obtained from carcinoma and normal tissues and examined using Western blotting. The results indicated that levels of PDCD4 were significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues and that, in normal tissue, PDCD4 levels in smokers were significantly lower than in non-smokers.

Keywords

Hepatocellular carcinoma Tobacco smoking Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4)

References

Mizoue

Tokui

Nishisaka

: Prospective study on the relation of cigarette smoking with cancer of the liver and stomach in an endemic region. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29: 232–237.

Mori

Koide

Kobayashi

: Effects of cigarette smoke and a heterocyclic amine, MeIQx on cytochrome P-450, mutagenic activation of various carcinogens and glucuronidation in rat liver. Mutagenesis 2003; 18: 87–93.

Mitacek

Brunnemann

Hoffmann

: Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: A risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20: 133–137.

Karube

Odagiri

Takemoto

: Analyses of transplacentally induced sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in mouse fetal liver cells following maternal exposure to cigarette smoke. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 3550–3552.

Shibahara

Asano

Ishida

: Isolation of a novel mouse gene MA-3 that is induced upon programmed cell death. Gene 1995; 166: 297–301.

Cmarik

Min

Hegamyer

: Differentially expressed protein Pdcd4 inhibits tumor promoter-induced neoplastic transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 14037–14042.

Jansen

Camalier

Colburn

: Epidermal expression of the translation inhibitor programmed cell death 4 suppresses tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 6034–6041.

Lin

Liu

Cheng

: Involvement of microRNAs in hydrogen peroxide-mediated gene regulation and cellular injury response in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284: 7903–7913.

Frankel

Christoffersen

Jacobsen

: Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important functional target of the microRNA miR-21 in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 1026–1033.

10.

Schmid

Jansen

Baker

: Translation inhibitor Pdcd4 is targeted for degradation during tumor promotion. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 1254–1260.

11.

Yang

Jansen

Komar

: The transformation suppressor Pdcd4 is a novel eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A binding protein that inhibits translation. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23: 26–37.

12.

Bitomsky

Böhm

Klempnauer

: Transformation suppressor protein Pdcd4 interferes with JNK-mediated phosphorylation of c-Jun and recruitment of the coactivator p300 by c-Jun. Oncogene 2004; 23: 7484–7493.

13.

Jansen

Camalier

Stark

: Characterization of programmed cell death 4 in multiple human cancers reveals a novel enhancer of drug sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther 2004; 3: 103–110.

14.

Palamarchuk

Efanov

Maximov

: Akt phosphorylates and regulates Pdcd4 tumor suppressor protein. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 11282–11286.

15.

Dorrello

Peschiaroli

Guardavaccaro

: S6K1-and βTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth. Science 2006; 314: 467–471.