The effect of the depletion of leucocytes from cardioplegic and initial myocardial reperfusion blood on the inflammatory response and myocardial protection in patients with unstable angina undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied. Patients were allocated randomly to a leucocyte-depleted (LD) group or a control group. The LD group received continuous retrograde LD isothermic blood cardioplegia and the control group received isothermic blood cardioplegia. Blood samples were collected at seven time-points before, during and after the procedure. Total leucocyte counts of cardioplegia blood in the LD group were significantly lower than in the control group, but systemic leucocyte and neutrophil counts after CPB did not differ between the groups. The levels of adhesion molecules, cytokines, elastase and malondialdehyde were significantly increased after CPB in both groups and reached peak values 2-6 h after surgery; no other significant differences were found. LD cardioplegia and myocardial reperfusion did not attenuate the endothelial and neutrophil-mediated components of the CPB-induced inflammatory response, which may lead to myocardial reperfusion injury.
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