Microbial growth is a key challenge in using reclaimed water for recirculating cooling systems. To investigate the effects of water quality parameters on microbial (bacteria and algae) community structure in a recirculating cooling water system under reclaimed water replenishment, this study examined Zhangjiakou Cigarette Factory Co., Ltd. as a case study. We analyzed variations in both water quality and microbial characteristics, employed correlation analysis, mantel tests, and redundancy analysis (RDA) to assess the impact of reclaimed water on system water quality, and the influence of water quality factors on microbial community structure. The results demonstrated that pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the reclaimed water constituted the primary determinants influencing recycled cooling water quality. The dominant bacterial species in both reclaimed water and circulating cooling water were Ascomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The community structure of the dominant bacterial species was greatly affected by DO, EC, COD, and NH4+-N of the circulating cooling water. This study provides theoretical foundations for microbial control strategies in reclaimed water-replenished circulating cooling systems.
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