Food quality traceability system based on multi-chain architecture blockchain

Abstract

This study proposes a secure food quality traceability system based on a multi-chain blockchain architecture to improve both data protection and the efficiency of food quality management. The system leverages blockchain technology to monitor and safeguard the entire supply chain—including production, processing, and transportation. To ensure confidentiality and integrity of data, the system integrates the Paillier encryption algorithm and secure hash algorithms for encrypted storage and secure sharing (the Paillier algorithm supports addition and multiplication operations, making it suitable for handling data aggregation and analysis tasks in the supply chain. It has high computational efficiency and can quickly complete data encryption and decryption). Hyperledger Fabric is employed to manage permissioned access, enforce data query control, and mitigate unauthorized operations. Security tests indicate that the system achieves high encryption efficiency—encrypting 2500 kb of data in 22 ms with a 32-bit key and achieving the fastest decryption at 443 ms with a 128-bit key. Compared to traditional systems, it significantly improves throughput (412 TPS vs 305 TPS) and risk interception (92 vs 52). These results demonstrate that the proposed system enhances cybersecurity in traceability applications by offering strong encryption, fine-grained access control, and high performance. It provides a robust and scalable solution for securing sensitive data in food supply chains, with broader implications for blockchain-based cybersecurity applications in industrial networks.