Interviewer Variability

Bailar B. , Bailey L. , & Stevens J. (1977) Measures of interviewer bias and variance. Journal of Marketing Research 14: 337–43.

Bailey L. , Moore T.F. , & Bailar B.A. (1978) An interviewer variance study for the eight impact cities of the National Crime Survey Cities Sample. Journal of the American Statistical Association 73: 16–23.

Barr A. (1957) Differences between experienced interviewers. Applied Statistics 6: 180–8.

Boyd H.W. , & Westfall R. (1965) Interviewer bias revised. Journal of Marketing Research 2: 58–63.

Cannell C.F. , Fowler F.J. , & Marquis K.H. (1968). The influence of interviewer and respondent psychological and behavioural variables on the reporting in household interviews. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.

Collins M. (1978) Interviewer variability: the North Yorkshire experiment. Journal of the Market Research Society 20: 59–72.

Collins M. (1979). Interviewer variability: Milton Keynes household survey. Methodological Working Paper No. 16. London: SCPR.

Durbin J. , & Stuart A. (1951) Differences in response rates of experienced and inexperienced interviewers. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (A): 163–205.

Feldman J.J. , Hyman H. , & Hart C.W. (1951) A field study of interviewer effects on the quality of survey data. Public Opinion Quarterly 15: 734–61.

Fellegi I. P. (1964) Response variance and its estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 59: 1016–41.

Fellegi I. P. (1974) An improved method of estimating the correlated response variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association 69: 496–501.

Freeman J. , & Butler E.W. (1976) Some sources of interviewer variance in surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly 40: 79–91.

Gales K. , & Kendall M.G. (1957) An inquiry concerning interviewer variability. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (A) 120: 121–47.

Gray P. G. (1956) Examples of interviewer variability taken from two sample surveys. Applied Statistics 5: 73–85.

Hansen M.H. , Hurwitz W.N. , & Bershad M.A. (1961) Measurement errors in census surveys. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute 38: 359–74.

Hanson R.H. , & Marks E.S. (1958) Influence of the interviewer on the accuracy of survey results. Journal of the American Statistical Association 53: 359–74.

Hatchett S. , & Schuman J. (1975) White respondents and race-of-interviewer effects. Public Opinion Quarterly 39: 523–28.

Hauck M. , & Steinkamp S. (1964). Survey reliability and interviewer competence. University of Illinois Bureau of Economics and Business Research Studies in Consumer Savings, 4.

Hyman H.H. , Cobb W.J. , Feldman J.J. , Hart C.W. , & Stember C.H. (1954). Interviewing in social research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kahn R.L. , & Cannell C.F. (1957). The dynamics of interviewing. New York: Wiley.

Kalton G. , Collins M. , & Brook L. (1978) Experiments in wording opinion questions. Applied Statistics 27: 149–61.

Kemsley W.F.F. (1965) Interviewer variability in expenditure surveys. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (A) 128: 118–39.

Kish L. (1962) Studies of interviewer variance for attitudinal variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 57: 92–115.

Lansing J.B. , Ginsburg G.P. , & Braaten K. (1961). An investigation of response error. University of Illinois Bureau of Economics and Business Research Studies in Consumer Savings, 2.

Mahalanobis P. C. ‘Recent experiments in statistical sampling in the Indian Statistical Institute’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 109 (1946): 325–370.

McKenzie I. R. (1977) An investigation into interviewer effects in market research. Journal of Marketing Research 14: 330–6.

Morton-Williams J. (1979) The use of Verbal Interaction Coding for evaluating a questionnaire. Quality and Quantity 13: 59–75.

Noelle-Neumann E. (1970) Wanted: rules for wording structured questionnaires. Public Opinion Quarterly 34: 191–201.

OMuircheartaigh C. A. (1976) Response errors in an attitudinal sample survey. Quality and Quantity 10: 99–115.

Rice S. A. (1929) Contagious bias in the interview. American Journal of Sociology 35: 420–23.

Schuman H. , & Converse J.M. (1971) The effects of black and white interviewers on black responses in 1968. Public Opinion Quarterly 35: 44–68.

Shapiro M. J. (1970) Discovering interviewer bias in open-ended survey responses. Public Opinion Quarterly 34: 412–15.

Stock J.S. , & Hochstim J.R. (1951) A method of measuring interviewer variability. Public Opinion Quarterly 15: 322–34.

Susman S. (1967). Reducing the cost of surveys. Chicago: Aldine.

Sudman S. , & Bradburn N.M. (1974). Response effects in surveys. Chicago: Aldine.

Summers G.F. , & Beck E.M. (1973) Social status and personality factors in predicting interviewer performance. Sociological Method and Research 2: 111–22.

Williams J. A. (1964) Interviewer-respondent interaction; a study of bias in the information interview. Sociometry 27: 338–52.