Abstract
Objective
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are a Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) enzyme highly expressed in the lung, kidney, heart and pancreas. The study aim to identify ACE, ACE2, along with inflammatory mediators that have emerged as significant indicators of cardiovascular risk and mortality.
Material and Methods
A total of 261 study participants were stratified into three groups. Each group has 87 individuals. Group 1: healthy controls, Group 2: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and Group 3: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). All participants underwent a comprehensive health evaluation at the cardiology and internal medicine outpatient clinics. Plasma concentrations of ACE, ACE2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor -α (TNF-α) were quantified using ELISA. Lipid profiles were assessed using the AU480 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
Results
This research indicated that the circulating concentration of ACE, ACE2, ACE/ACE2 ratio, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in T2DM with CHD than compared to controls (p-value < 0.01). ACE, ACE2, ACE/ACE2 ratio, IL-6, and TNF-α were shown to be significantly correlated in individuals with T2DM with CHD.
Conclusion
The study concludes that plasma ACE, ACE2 and inflammatory mediators correlate with an elevated risk of cardiovascular illness in T2DM, particularly in individuals with CHD. The present findings indicate that tailored risk assessment could benefit individuals with diabetes.
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