Review: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,blockade and diabetic nephropathy

Lewis EJ , Hunsicker LG , Bain RP , Rohde RD The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy . N Engl J Med1993;329:1456-62.

Kasiske BL , Kalil RSN , Ma JZ , Liao M. , Keane WF Effect of therapy on the kidney in patients with diabetes:A meta-regression analysis. Ann Intern Med1993;118:129-38.

Hollenberg NK , Raij L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and renal protection. An assessment of implications for therapy. Arch Intern Med1993;153:2426-35.

Ichikawa I. Will Ang II receptor antagonists be renoprotective in humans?Kidney Intern1996;50:684-92.

Hollenberg NK ACE inhibitors,AT1-receptor blockers, and the kidney. E Ritz (Ed) Nephrol Dial Transplant1997;12: 381-3.

Hollenberg NK , Fisher NK Renal circulation and blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition the last word?Hypertension1995;26: 602-9.

Roman RJ , Kaldunski ML , Scicli AG , Carretero OA Influence of kinins and angiotensin II on the regulation of papillary blood flow. Am J Physiol1988;255:F690-F698.

Price DA , De'Oliveira JM , Fisher NDL , Hollenberg NK Renal hemodynamic response to an angiotensin II antagonist, eprosartan, in healthy men. Hypertension1997;39:240-6.

Price DA , Porter LE , Gordon M. et al. The paradox of the low-renin state in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol1999;10:2382-91.

Christlieb AR , KaldanyA, D'Elia JA Plasma renin activity and hypertension in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes1976;25:969-74.

Bjorck S. The renin-angiotensin system in diabetes mellitus: a physiological and therapeutic study. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl1990;126:1-50.

Lush DJ , King JA , Fray JCS. Pathophysiology of low renin syndromes: sites of renal renin secretory impairment and prorenin overexpression. Kidney Int1993 ;43:983-99.

Weidmann P. , Ferrari P. , Shaw SG Renin in Diabetes Mellitus. In: JIS Robertson and MG Nicholls (Ed). The Renin-Angiotensin System. New York: Raven Press, 1991; Chapter 75; 75.1-75.26.

Rosenberg ME , Smith LJ , Correa-Rotter R. , Hostetter TH The paradox of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic renal disease. Kidney Int1994;45:403-10.

Kikkawa R. , Kitamura E. , Fujiwara Y. , Haneda M. , Shigeta Y. Biphasic alteration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Renal Physiol1986;9: 187-92.

Anderson S. , Jung FF , Ingelfinger JR Renal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes: functional immunohistochemical, and molecular biological correlations . Am J Physiol1993;265:F477-F486.

De'Oliveira JM , Price DA , Fisher NDL et al. Autonomy of the renin system in type II diabetes mellitus: Dietary sodium and renal hemodynamic responses to ACE inhibition. Kidney International1997;52:771-7.

Miller JA , Floras JS , Zinman B. , Skorecki KL , Logan AG Effect of hyperglycemia on arterial pressure, plasma renin activity and renal function in early diabetes. Clin Sci1996;90:189-95.

Osei SY , Price DA , Fisher NDL , Porter LE , Laffel LMB , Hollenberg NK Hyperglycemia and angiotensin-mediated control of the renal circulation in healthy humans. Hypertension1999;3:559-64.

Osei SY , Price DA , Laffel LMB , Lansang MC , Hollenberg NK Effect of angiotensin II antagonist eprosartan on hyperglycemia-induced activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in healthy humans. Hypertension2000;36:122-6.