The numerical study involved in comparing the atomization performance of coaxial and porous injectors using the coupled volume of fluid and discrete phase CFD model (coupled VOF-DPM). The study focuses on the primary atomization region of the injection. The investigation is done to study the effect of water-air mass flow ratios on droplet parameters such as droplet size (SMD), axial and radial velocity, and the number of droplets at different injection times. Pore-level simulations are performed to study the performance of the porous injectors. It is observed that increasing the water-air mass flow ratio in both types of injectors leads to an increase in droplet size. The results showed that the droplet size produced by the coaxial injector is larger than that of the porous injector. Moreover, the number of droplets produced by the coaxial injector is lower than that produced by the porous injector. The smaller droplet size and larger number of droplets indicate better atomization in the porous injector.
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