Analysis of an innovative combustion chamber with the wall guided fuel injection in a small diesel engine

Abstract

This paper has included the effects of different bowl geometries which has the wall guided fuel injection. Bowl geometries, which affect in-cylinder air flows, have a great influence on the change of mixture formation. Also, the region where the fuel hits in the bowl affects all engine parameters. In this presented numeric study, the standard combustion chamber geometry of a single-cylinder, air-cooled, and direct-injection diesel engine is compared with the designed new combustion chamber. Four different rotation angles (0°, 7.5°, 10°, and 15°) were determined for the new combustion chamber geometry and compared with the standard geometry. The three-dimensionally modeled bowl geometries in 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation were examined in terms of in-cylinder pressure and temperature, instantaneous and cumulative heat release rate, exhaust emissions (NO, soot, CO, and CO₂), temperature/spray, and equivalence ratio/spray at different CA’s. The effects of the different rotation angles of the designed new bowl geometry on both the air movement and the region where the fuel hits were investigated for the engine parameters. When the results obtained are examined, maximum in-cylinder pressures for standard combustion chamber, new combustion chamber 1, new combustion chamber 2, new combustion chamber 3, and new combustion chamber 4 geometries were obtained 79.5, 75.2, 78, 78.1, and 78 bar respectively, and the maximum in-cylinder temperatures were found 1766, 1742, 1805, 1817, and 1818 K, respectively. According to the results obtained from the numerical analysis, CO, CO₂, and soot emissions decreased while NO emissions increased in the new combustion chamber, compared to the standard combustion chamber. Examined the spray distributions in bowl, it was seen that the fuel sprays distributed more homogeneously and flame propagates which is spread throughout the chamber in the new combustion chamber type, which improved the mixture formation. The wall guided fuel flow in the novel designed chamber geometries beneficial to turbulence kinetic energy, spray distribution, emissions.