In radial inflow turbine design, the optimization of turbine geometry for aerodynamic performance improvement is often constrained by the requirement of reliability, thus facing a trade-off. One of the vital challenges for a better trade-off is how to mitigate the forced response of turbine wheel, while maintaining high efficiency, so as to avoid high cycle fatigue failure. In this article, using a grooved surface on nozzle vanes for the forced response reduction was investigated. In light of the fact that the investigation on the high cycle fatigue issue involves both aerodynamic interactions and structural analyses, a customized computer code was developed using MATLAB software to couple computational fluid dynamics simulations with finite element analysis calculations. Partial results were compared against experimental results, respectively, to validate the numerical method. The coupled numerical method reveals that using the grooved surface on the nozzle vane alters the shock wave structure, decreases the peak stress of turbine wheel by 8%, and deteriorates turbine efficiency by 0.05 percentage points.
FeneleyAJPesiridisAAndwariAM. Variable geometry turbocharger technologies for exhaust energy recovery and boosting —a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev2017; 71: 959–975.
2.
KawakuboT. Unsteady rotor-stator interaction of a radial-inflow turbine with variable nozzle vanes. ASME paper GT2010-23677, 2010.
3.
HuLYangCSunHZhangJLaiM. Numerical analysis of nozzle clearance's effect on turbine performance. Chin J Mech Eng2011; 24(4): 618–625.
4.
ZhaoBHuLEngedaASunH. Numerical investigation of the impact of nozzle endwall clearance distribution on variable nozzle turbine. SAE paper 2017-01-1034, 2017.
5.
WalkingshawJRSpenceSWThornhillDEhrhardJ. An experimental assessment of the effects of stator vane clearance location on an automotive turbocharger turbine. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on turbochargers and turbocharging, London, 15–16 May 2012, pp.243–255. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
6.
ChenH. Turbine wheel design for Garrett advanced variable geometry turbines for commercial vehicle applications. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on turbochargers and turbocharging, London, 28–29 May 2006. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
7.
MillerRJMossRWAinsworthRWHarveyNW. Wake, shock, and potential field interactions in a 1.5 stage turbine —part I: vane-rotor and rotor-vane interaction. J Turbomach2003; 125: 33–39.
8.
McCormickDC. Shock/boundary layer interaction control with vortex generators and passive cavity. AIAA J1993; 31: 91–96.
9.
BurRCorbelBDeleryJ. Study of passive control in a transonic shock wave/boundary layer interaction. In: Proceedings of the 35th aerospace sciences meeting and exhibit, Reno, NV, 6–9 January 1997, paper no. 97-0217. Reston, VA: AIAA.
10.
ZhaoWLuoWZhaoQXuJ. Investigation on the reduction of trailing edge shock losses for a highly loaded transonic turbine. In: Proceeding of ASME turbo expo 2016, Seoul, South Korea, 13–17 June 2016, paper no. GT2016-56131. New York: ASME.
11.
SunHHHuLZhaoBHannaDR. Variable geometry turbine vane. US Patent 9267427, 23February2016.
12.
ZhaoBHuLSunHYangCShiXYiJ, et al. Numerical investigation of a novel approach for mitigation of forced response of variable geometry turbine during exhaust braking mode. ASME paper GT2016- 56342, 2016.
13.
LeiXQiMSunHShiXHuL. Study on the interaction of clearance flow and shock wave in a turbine nozzle. SAE technical paper no. 2017-01- 1039, 2017.
14.
LeiXQiMSunHHuL. Investigation on the shock control using grooved surface in a linear turbine nozzle. J Turbomach2017; 139(12): 121008.
15.
ZhaoBQiMSunHShiX. Variable nozzle turbocharger turbine performance improvement and shock wave alternation by distributing nozzle endwall clearances. Proc IMechE, Part D: J Automobile Engineering2019; 233: 1971–1981.
16.
CapobiancoMGambarottaA. Variable geometry and waste gated automotive turbochargers: measurements and comparison of turbine performance. J Eng Gas Turb Power1992; 114: 553–560.
17.
HawleyJGWallaceFJCoxAHorrocksRWBirdGL. Variable geometry turbocharging for lower emissions and improved torque characteristics. Proc IMechE, Part D: J Automobile Engineering1999; 213(2): 145–159.
18.
ZhaoBYangCHuLSunHYiJEricC, et al. Understanding of the interaction between clearance leakage flow and main passage flow in a VGT turbine. Adv Mech Eng2015; 7(2): 652769.
19.
HuLSunHYiJCurtisEWMorelliAZhangJ, et al. Investigation of nozzle clearance effects on a radial turbine: aerodynamic performance and forced response. SAE paper 2013-01-0918, 2013.
20.
ZhaoBWangLHouH. Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine. Chinese J Aeronaut2018; 31(5): 1030–1040.
21.
ManshadiMDRabaniR. Numerical evaluation of passive control of shock wave/boundary layer interaction on NACA0012 airfoil using jagged wall. Acta Mech Sin2016; 32(5): 792–804.
22.
RahmanSJoyMSHHasanABMTMitsutakeYMatsuoSSetoguchiT. Oblique shock wave interaction with turbulent boundary layer over a wavy surface. AIP Conf Proc2017; 1851: 020103.
23.
JamesonA. Time dependent calculations using multigrid with applications to unsteady flows past airfoils and wings. In: Proceedings of the 10th computational fluid dynamics conference, Honolulu, HI, 24–26 June 1991. Reston, VA: AIAA.
24.
ZhaoBSunHShiXQiMGuoS. Investigation of using multi-shockwave system instead of single normal shock for improving radial inflow turbine reliability. Int J Heat Fluid Fl2018; 71: 170–178.
25.
KulkarniALaRueG. Vibratory response characterization of a radial turbine wheel for automotive turbocharger application. ASME paper GT2008- 51355, 2008.
26.
HeuerTGugauMKleinAAnschelP. An analytical approach to support high cycle fatigue validation for turbocharger turbine stages. ASME paper GT2008- 50769, 2008.
