Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

This study focuses on residents’ intentions in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to support cruise tourism. It examines their perceptions and willingness to contribute to the recovery of the sector. A qualitative methodology was used, with 23 residents participating in three focus group discussions. Through content analysis and the constant comparison method, key themes were identified, allowing to establish a conceptual framework regarding resident behavioral intentions to support cruise tourism. This conceptual framework is composed of two themes: support for cruise tourists (including three sub-themes: hospitality behavior, helping behavior, and recommending behavior) and support for cruise tourism development (including two sub-themes: supportive cruise tourism infrastructure and supportive destination image). Accordingly, the study revealed that HCMC residents are eager to take supportive actions, such as offering hospitality, making recommendations, and providing assistance. This highlights the importance of community engagement in the recovery of cruise tourism. The study also emphasized the need for improvements in infrastructure and the environment to create a tourist-friendly atmosphere. This investigation underscores the crucial role of local support in reviving the sector. The insights provided a valuable for tourism operators and destination managers in involving the community in the sustainable revitalization of cruise tourism.

Keywords

Cruise tourism post-COVID-19 recovery resident support behavioral intentions community engagement Vietnam

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ajzen

Icek

(1985) From intentions to actions. Action control from cognition to behavior. NY: Springer Verlag.

Amankwaa

(2016) Creating protocols for trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Cultural Diversity 23(3): 121–127.

Andereck

Valentine

Knopf

, et al. (2005) Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research 32(4): 1056–1076.

Barnes

(2022) The cruise ship conflict: Europe’s port cities vs floating hotels. https://www.ft.com/content/9f261daa-dabb-4549-82da-67d01026f099 (accessed 22 December 2022).

Brida JG, Osti L, and Faccioli M (2011) Residents’ perception and attitudes towards tourism impacts: A case study of the small rural community of Folgaria (Trentino‐Italy). Benchmarking: An International Journal 18(3): 359–385.

Butler

(1980) The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographies/Géographies Canadiennes 24(1): 5–12.

Callan

(1994) Development of a framework for the determination of attributes used for hotel selection-indications from focus group and in-depth interviews. Hospitality Research Journal 18(2): 53–74.

Carneiro

Eusébio

Caldeira

(2018) The influence of social contact in residents’ perceptions of the tourism impact on their quality of life: a structural equation model. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism 19(1): 1–30.

Cavanagh

(1997) Content analysis: concepts, methods and applications. Nurse Researcher 4(3): 5–16.

10.

Cetin

Bilgihan

(2016) Components of cultural tourists’ experiences in destinations. Current Issues in Tourism 19(2): 137–154.

11.

Chandralal

Valenzuela

F-R

(2015) Memorable tourism experiences: scale development. Contemporary Management Research 11(3): 291–310.

12.

Choi

(2024) Emotional or rational? Effective ESG advertising messages for travel enterprises. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 41(1): 68–87.

13.

Choo

Park

S-Y

Petrick

(2011) The influence of the resident’s identification with a tourism destination brand on their behavior. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management 20(2): 198–216.

14.

Cifci

Akova

Rasoolimanesh

, et al. (2023) Residents’ perception of tourism impacts and their support for tourism development: a study of a Bektashi faith destination in Türkiye. Journal of Heritage Tourism 18(5): 691–709.

15.

CLIA (2020a) State of the cruise industry outlook. Available at. https://cruising.org/-/media/research-updates/research/2021-state-of-the-cruise-industry_optimized.ashx

16.

CLIA (2020b) CLIA’s 2019 Asia deployment report shows more cruise destinations in Asia. https://cruising.org/news-and-research/press-room/2019/august/clias-2019-asia-deployment-report-shows-more-cruise-destinations-in-asia

17.

CLIA (2024) State of the cruise industry. https://cruising.org/-/media/clia-media/research/2023/2023-clia-state-of-the-cruise-industry-report_low-res.ashx

18.

Davari

Jang

(2024) Diaspora’s intuitive role as cultural ambassador: toward a new cultural sustainability perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 32(7): 1332–1349.

19.

Davari

Alaedini

Cai

(2024) Conceptualizing destination-community hospitality: an illustrated framework leveraging Persianate culture. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 36(7): 2327–2346.

20.

Del Chiappa

Abbate

(2016) Island cruise tourism development: a resident’s perspective in the context of Italy. Current Issues in Tourism 19(13): 1372–1385.

21.

Del Chiappa

Lorenzo-Romero

Gallarza

(2018) Host community perceptions of cruise tourism in a homeport: a cluster analysis. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 7: 170–181.

22.

Doody

Slevin

Taggart

(2013) Preparing for and conducting focus groups in nursing research: part 2. British Journal of Nursing 22(3): 170–173.

23.

Erul

Woosnam

(2022) Explaining residents’ behavioral support for tourism through two theoretical frameworks. Journal of Travel Research 61(2): 362–377.

24.

Erul

Woosnam

McIntosh

(2020) Considering emotional solidarity and the theory of planned behavior in explaining behavioral intentions to support tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 28(8): 1158–1173.

25.

Esteve-Perez

Garcia-Sanchez

(2015) Cruise market: stakeholders and the role of ports and tourist hinterlands. Maritime Economics and Logistics 17: 371–388.

26.

Eusébio

Vieira

Lima

(2018) Place attachment, host–tourist interactions, and residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: the case of Boa Vista Island in Cape Verde. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26(6): 890–909.

27.

Florentina

Gabriela

(2022) Resilience and recovery: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the global cruise tourism. In: Digitalization and Big Data for Resilience and Economic Intelligence. New York, NY: Springer, 203–212.

28.

Frost

(2024) Which European cities are trying to cut back the number of cruise ship visits? https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/10/31/cruise-ships-erosion-air-pollution-and-overtourism-are-driving-cities-towards-bans (accessed 19 April 2024).

29.

Ridderstaat

Jia

(2020) Are all tourism markets equal? Linkages between market-based tourism demand, quality of life, and economic development in Hong Kong. Tourism Management 77: 104015.

30.

Grappi

Montanari

(2011) The role of social identification and hedonism in affecting tourist re-patronizing behaviours: the case of an Italian festival. Tourism Management 32(5): 1128–1140.

31.

Guest

Namey

McKenna

(2017) How many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes. Field Methods 29(1): 3–22.

32.

Gursoy

Rutherford

(2004) Host attitudes toward tourism: an improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research 31(3): 495–516.

33.

Gursoy

Ouyang

Nunkoo

, et al. (2019) Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 28(3): 306–333.

34.

Gutiérrez-Taño

Garau-Vadell

Díaz-Armas

(2019) The influence of knowledge on residents’ perceptions of the impacts of overtourism in P2P accommodation rental. Sustainability 11(4): 1043.

35.

Harvey

(2015) Beyond member-checking: a dialogic approach to the research interview. International Journal of Research and Method in Education 38(1): 23–38.

36.

Hritz

Cecil

(2008) Investigating the sustainability of cruise tourism: a case study of key west. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16(2): 168–181.

37.

International Trade Administration (ITA) (2023) Education and trainning in Vietnam. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-education-and-training#:˜:text=Higher%20Education,annual%20%E2%80%9COpen%20Doors%E2%80%9D%20Report.&text=Note:%20Percent%20distribution%20may%20not%20total%20100.0%20due%20to%20rounding

38.

Jones

Hillier

Comfort

(2016) The environmental, social and economic impacts of cruising and corporate sustainability strategies. Athens Journal of Tourism 3(4): 273–286.

39.

Jordan

Vogt

(2017) Residents’ perceptions of stress related to cruise tourism development. Tourism Planning and Development 14(4): 527–547.

40.

Jordan

Vieira

Santos

, et al. (2023) Do residents differentiate between the impacts of tourism, cruise tourism, and Airbnb tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 31: 1–19.

41.

Kamata

(2021) Tourist destination residents’ attitudes towards tourism during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism 25: 1–16.

42.

Kim

S-B

Marshall

Gardiner

, et al. (2021) Conflicts in communities and residents’ attitudes toward the impacts of cruise tourism in the Bahamas. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 38(9): 956–973.

43.

Klein

(2011) Responsible cruise tourism: issues of cruise tourism and sustainability. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 18(1): 107–116.

44.

Kumar

Kaushik

(2017) Achieving destination advocacy and destination loyalty through destination brand identification. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 34(9): 1247–1260.

45.

Lau

Y-Y

Yip

(2020) The Asia cruise tourism industry: current trend and future outlook. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 36(4): 202–213.

46.

Lei

Loi

(2024) Exploring onshore excursion preferences among cruisers: application of the travel career pattern in the Hong Kong cruise tourism context. Tourism Recreation Research 49: 1–14.

47.

Lin

L-Y

Tsai

C-C

Lee

J-Y

(2022) A study on the trends of the global cruise tourism industry, sustainable development, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability 14(11): 6890.

48.

Lincoln

Guba

(1985) Establishing trustworthiness. Naturalistic Inquiry 289(331): 289–327.

49.

Mallapaty

(2020) What the cruise-ship outbreaks reveal about COVID-19. Nature 580(7801): 18–19.

50.

Martín

Sánchez

dlS

García

, et al. (2018) Residentsʼ attitudes and behavioural support for tourism in host communities. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 35(2): 231–243.

51.

McCaughey

Mao

Dowling

(2018) Residents’ perceptions towards cruise tourism development: the case of Esperance, Western Australia. Tourism Recreation Research 43(3): 403–408.

52.

Moscardo

(2005) Peripheral tourism development: challenges, issues and success factors. Tourism Recreation Research 30(1): 27–43.

53.

Nhandan online (2023) Cruise tourism has great potential for further development in Vietnam. https://en.nhandan.vn/cruise-tourism-has-great-potential-for-further-development-in-vietnam-post124073.html

54.

Nunkoo

Ramkissoon

(2011) Developing a community support model for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 38(3): 964–988.

55.

Nunkoo

Smith

Ramkissoon

(2013) Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 21(1): 5–25.

56.

Olya

Shahmirzdi

Alipour

(2019) Pro-tourism and anti-tourism community groups at a world heritage site in Turkey. Current Issues in Tourism 22(7): 763–785.

57.

Papastathopoulos

Ahmad

Al Sabri

, et al. (2019) Demographic analysis of residents’ support for tourism development in the UAE: a bayesian structural equation modeling multigroup approach. Journal of Travel Research 59(6): 1119–1139.

58.

Papathanassis

(2020) The growth and development of the cruise sector: a perspective article. Tourism Review 75(1): 130–135.

59.

Prayag

Ryan

(2011) The relationship between the ‘push’and ‘pull’factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality–an analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism 14(2): 121–143.

60.

Radic

Law

Lück

, et al. (2020) Apocalypse now or overreaction to coronavirus: the global cruise tourism industry crisis. Sustainability 12(17): 6968.

61.

Ramkissoon

(2023) Perceived social impacts of tourism and quality-of-life: a new conceptual model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 31(2): 442–459.

62.

Ribeiro

Pinto

Silva

, et al. (2017) Residents’ attitudes and the adoption of pro-tourism behaviours: the case of developing island countries. Tourism Management 61: 523–537.

63.

Rodrigue JP and Notteboom T (2013) The geography of cruises: Itineraries, not destinations. Applied Geography 38: 31–42.

64.

Sandven

Jørgensen

Wassler

(2024) Residents’ coping with cruise tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 105: 103732.

65.

Sharpley

(2014) Host perceptions of tourism: a review of the research. Tourism Management 42: 37–49.

66.

Sharpley

Jepson

(2011) Rural tourism: a spiritual experience? Annals of Tourism Research 38(1): 52–71.

67.

Sigala

(2020) Tourism and COVID-19: impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research 117: 312–321.

68.

Sun

, et al. (2024) Assessing the eco-efficiency of cruise tourism at the national Level: determinants, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development. Ecological Indicators 160: 111768.

69.

(2019) The Development of Cruise Tourism in Ho Chi Minh City: Impacts and Opportunities. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool John Moores University.

70.

Thanh TV and Kirova V (2018) Wine tourism experience: A netnography study. Journal of Business Research 83: 30–37.

71.

Thomas

(2006) A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation 27(2): 237–246.

72.

Thyne

Woosnam

Watkins

, et al. (2020) Social distance between residents and tourists explained by residents’ attitudes concerning tourism. Journal of Travel Research 61(1): 150–169.

73.

Tuoitre News (2021) Vietnamese Women’s Participation in Labor Force High above Global Average. Geneva: ILO.

74.

Vayá

Garcia

Murillo

, et al. (2018) Economic impact of cruise activity: the case of Barcelona. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 35(4): 479–492.

75.

Vega-Muñoz

Salazar-Sepúlveda

Contreras-Barraza

, et al. (2021) Port governance and cruise tourism. Sustainability 13(9): 4877.

76.

Vietnam News (2024) Luxury international cruise vessels make beeline for Việt Nam. https://vietnamnews.vn/travel/1651515/luxury-international-cruise-vessels-make-beeline-for-viet-nam.html

77.

Vietnam plus (2024) Plan approved to realise net-zero emissions goal by 2050. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/plan-approved-to-realise-net-zero-emissions-goal-by-2050-post251907.vnp#:∼:text=The-Ministry-of-Natural-Resources,in-the-UK-in-2021

78.

Vietnam tourism (2025) The number of international tourists come to Vietnam. https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/statistic/international

79.

Vo-Thanh

T-V

Nguyen

, et al. (2022) COVID-19, frontline hotel employees’ perceived job insecurity and emotional exhaustion: does trade union support matter? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 30(6): 1159–1176.

80.

Weeden

Lester

J-A

Thyne

(2011) Cruise tourism: emerging issues and implications for a maturing industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 18(1): 26–29.

81.

Williams

Lawson

(2001) Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 28(2): 269–290.

82.

Wondirad

(2019) Retracing the past, comprehending the present and contemplating the future of cruise tourism through a meta-analysis of journal publications. Marine Policy 108: 103618.

83.

Woosnam

Russell

Ribeiro

, et al. (2021) Residents’ pro-tourism behaviour in a time of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 30: 1–20.

84.

Yazdani

Ariza-Montes

Arjona-Fuentes

, et al. (2024) Cruise hotel sustainable supplier management using a grey-based decision support framework. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 41(4): 538–558.

85.

Zenker

Kock

(2020) The coronavirus pandemic – a critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management 81: 104164.

Residents’ behavioral intentions toward cruise tourism support in Vietnam

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References