Human Immunodefficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is directly responsible for increased mortality in many humanitarian crises and can exacerbate vulnerability linked to food insecurity, loss of livelihood and disrupted coping mechanisms. However, the need to provide antiretroviral therapy as part of a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS, in conflict and emergency settings, is not universally accepted. Established humanitarian organizations have, until recently, raised logistical, technical and ethical concerns about providing treatment in conflict and post-conflict settings, while interagency guidelines continue to recommend against providing antiretrovirals in post-disaster settings. There is mounting evidence that this viewpoint needs to be revised.
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