This study aimed to produce a miniaturised double negative metamaterial with a lower resonance frequency. Therefore, a new combination of a multi-circular ring connected with octagonal shape ring metamaterial was developed on a 9 × 9 mm2 dielectric substrate material with a thickness of 1.6 mm, named the Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4). While the selected frequency ranged between 0 and 18 GHz for the unit and array metamaterial design. Numerical simulation was used for the design and analysis of the proposed metamaterial. A few analysis were performed to validate the performance of the new design including the analyses of the different dimensions of the substrate and varying widths of the split gaps. The proposed design structure manifested resonance frequencies at S, X and Ku-bands. The resonance frequency at S-band (3.31 GHz) and X-band (8.60 GHz) presented double-negative (DNG) metamaterial behaviour while X-band (11.93 GHz) and Ku-band (12.99 GHz) presented single-negative (SNG) medium characteristics. The simulation and measured results almost coincided with each other. The compactness of the proposed design was proven by the effective medium ratio (EMR) of 10.07. In conclusion, the miniaturised structure can be accredited for satellite communication and radar applications.
FuXCuiTJ.Recent progress on metamaterials: From effective medium model to real-time information processing system. Prog Quantum Electron2019;
67: 100223.
6.
Cui TJ. Microwave metamaterials. Natl Sci Rev 2018; 5: 134–6.
7.
RamachandranTFaruqueMRIIslamMT.A dual band left-handed metamaterial-enabled design for satellite applications. Results Phys2020;
16: 102942.
8.
TakacsAAubertHDespoisseL, et al.
Microwave energy harvesting for satellite applications. Electron Lett2013;
49: 1–2.
9.
FaruqueMRIAhamedERahmanMA, et al.
Flexible nickel aluminate (NiAl 2 O 4) based dual-band double negative metamaterial for microwave applications. Results Phys2019;
14: 102524.
10.
ShinDKangGGuptaP, et al.
Thermoplasmonic and photothermal metamaterials for solar energy applications. Adv Opt Mater2018; 1800317: 1–26.
11.
IslamMMIslamMTFaruqueMRI, et al.
A miniaturized antenna with negative index metamaterial based on modified SRR and CLS unit cell for UWB microwave imaging applications.Materials (Basel)2015;
8: 392–407.
12.
TadesseADAcharyaOPSahuS.Application of metamaterials for performance enhancement of planar antennas: a review. Int J RF Microw Comput Eng2020;
30: 1–20.
13.
KrzysztofikJJanW.Metamaterials in application to improve antenna parameters. Metamaterial Metasurf2018;
4: 63–85.
14.
BakırMKaraaslanMUnalE, et al.
Microwave metamaterial absorber for sensing applications. Opto-Electronics Rev2017;
25: 318–325.
15.
RamachandranTFaruqueMRIAhamedE, et al.
Specific absorption rate reduction of multi split square ring metamaterial for L- and S-band application. Results Phys2019;
15: 102668.
16.
LiASinghSSievenpiperD.Review article metasurfaces and their applications. Nanophotonics2018;
7: 989–1011.
17.
LuoJLinYS.High-efficiency of infrared absorption by using composited metamaterial nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett2019;
114.
18.
MallikAKunduSGoniO. Double negative metamaterial. In: 2013 International conference informatics, electron vis 2013: 1–6.
19.
IslamSSFaruqueMRIIslamMT.The design and analysis of a novel split-H-shaped metamaterial for multi-band microwave applications. Materials (Basel)2014;
7: 4994–5011.
20.
WangBXZhaiXWangGZ, et al.
A novel dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber for a sensor application. J Appl Phys2015;
117: 1–5.
21.
WangBX.Quad-band terahertz metamaterial absorber based on the combining of the dipole and quadrupole resonances of two SRRs. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron2017;
23: 1–5.
22.
HossainMJFaruqueMRIIslamMM, et al. Multiple hexagonal split-ring resonators based negative index material for multi band applications. In: 2016 19th International conference Comput Inf Technol 2016: 88–92.
23.
RenDChoiJH. Dual-polarized directivity enhanced active metamaterial antenna for polarimetric radar applications. In: 2017 IEEE MTT-S international conference microwaves intell mobil, Nagoya, Japan, 19-21 March 2017, pp.135–138.
24.
MahmoodAYetkinGÖSabahC, et al.
Design and fabrication of a novel wideband DNG metamaterial with the absorber application in microwave X-band. Adv Condens Matter Phys2017;
2017: 8.
25.
MolVALAanandanCK.An ultrathin microwave metamaterial absorber with enhanced bandwidth and angular stability: an ultrathin microwave metamaterial absorber with enhanced bandwidth and angular stability. J Phys Commun2017;
1: 1–12.
26.
HindyMAElsagheerRMYasseenMS.Experimental retrieval of the negative parameters “Permittivity and Permeability” based on a circular split ring resonator (CSRR) left handed metamaterial. J Electr Syst Inf Technol2018;
5: 208–215.
CuiKWangJChengD, et al.
Design of a new broadband left-handed material design of a new broadband left-handed material. J Phys Conf Ser2019;
1168: 1–5.
29.
HossainMJFaruqueMRIIslamMT, et al. Metamaterial for tri-band applications. In: International conference on electrical, communication and computer engineering, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 16-18 February 2017, pp.463–467.
30.
HoqueAIslamMTAlmutairiAF, et al.
U-joint Double split O (UDO) shaped with split square metasurface absorber for X and Ku-band application. Results Phys2019;
15: 102757.
31.
IslamMTHoqueAAlmutairiAF.Left-handed metamaterial-inspired unit cell for S-band glucose sensing application. Sensors2019;
19: 1–12.
32.
TamimAMFaruqueMRIAlamMJ.Split ring resonator loaded horizontally inverse double L-shaped metamaterial for C-, X- and Ku-band microwave applications. Results Phys2019;
12: 2112–2122.
33.
SinghHSohiBSGuptaA.A compact CRLH metamaterial with wide band negative index. Bull Mater Sci2019;
42: 1–11.
34.
HossainMJFaruqueMRIAhmedMR, et al.
Polarization-insensitive infrared-visible perfect metamaterial absorber and permittivity sensor. Results Phys2019;
14: 102429.
35.
AbdulkarimYIAwlHNMuhammadsharifFF, et al.
A low-profile antenna based on single-layer metasurface for Ku-band applications. Int J Antennas Propag2020;
2020: 8.
36.
MahmudRHAwlHNAbdulkarimYI, et al.
Filtering two-element waveguide antenna array based on solely resonators. AEUE Int J Electron Commun2020;
121: 153232.
37.
NazeriABaharianMAbdolaliA, et al.
A reflection-only method for characterizing PEC-backed anisotropic materials using waveguide higher order modes. Int J RF Microw Comput Eng2020: 1–11.
38.
WangBXTangCNiuQ, et al.
Design of narrow discrete distances of dual-/triple-band terahertz metamaterial absorbers. Nanoscale Res Lett2019;
14: 64.
39.
WangBXTangCNiuQ, et al.
A broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber enabled by the simple design of a rectangular-shaped resonator with an elongated slot. Nanoscale Adv2019;
1: 3621–3625.
40.
WangBXHeYLouP, et al.
Design of a dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber using two identical square patches for sensing application. Nanoscale Adv2020;
2: 763–769.
41.
WangBXHeYLouP, et al.
Multi-band terahertz superabsorbers based on perforated square-patch metamaterials. Nanoscale Adv2021;
3: 455–462.
42.
WangBXHeYLouP, et al.
Penta-band terahertz light absorber using five localized resonance responses of three patterned resonators. Results Phys2020;
16: 102930.
43.
ChenXGrzegorczykTMWuB, et al.
Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials. Phys Rev E2004;
16608: 1–7.
44.
EistiakAFaruqueMRIMansorMF, et al.
Results in Physics Polarization-dependent tunneled metamaterial structure with enhanced fields properties for X-band application. Results Phys2019;
15: 102530.
45.
SmithDRVierDCKrollN, et al.
Direct calculation of permeability and permittivity for a left-handed metamaterial. Appl Phys Lett2013;
77: 2246–2248.
Islam SMIslamMTMohd SaharN, et al.
A mutual coupled concentric crossed-Line split ring resonator (CCSRR) based epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial for Tri-band microwave applications. Results Phys2020;
18: 103292.
48.
DharNRahmanMAHossainMA.Design and exploration of functioning of a D-Z shaped SNG multiband metamaterial for L-, S-, and X-bands applications. SN Appl Sci2020;
2.
