ZA-27 hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with lamb bone ash (LBA) and boron carbide (B4C) were fabricated by employing stir casting route. Single-reinforced composite with 5 wt.% of LBA and hybrid composites reinforced with LBA/B4C in the ratio of (3.75:1.25, 2.5:2.5, 1.25:3.75) were developed. Composites were processed as per ASTM standards and subjected to physical characterization (density and porosity), microstructural characterization, and mechanical characterization (hardness, compressive strength, tensile strength, and impact strength). Microstructural studies of ZA-27 composites using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the uniform dispersion of reinforcements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the developed composites confirmed the existence of LBA and B4C particles in the matrix. The density of the composites declined, and porosity increased with the increment in B4C wt.% compared with base alloy. Mechanical properties like hardness, compressive strength, and tensile strength improved significantly in the case of hybrid composites than single-reinforced composite. Hardness, compressive strength and tensile strength of the hybrid composites increased to a maximum of 41.12%, 24.40%, 61.08% respectively compared to the base alloy, whereas single-reinforced composite showed maximum improvement of 19.26% (hardness), 11.16% (compressive strength), and 28.38% (tensile strength) compared to the base alloy. Ductility of the composites decreased with the addition of reinforcements. Impact strength of the composites showed a marginal reduction; however, the reduction was higher in the single-reinforced composite than hybrid reinforced composites. Fractured morphology showed dimples, cracks, tear ridges, and voids.
KurapatiVBKommineniRSundarrajanS.Statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of dry sliding wear parameters of 2024 aluminium hybrid composites reinforced with fly ash and SiC particles. Trans Indian Inst Metals2018;
71: 1809–1825.
2.
FenghongCChangCZhenyuW, et al.
Effects of silicon carbide and tungsten carbide in aluminium metal matrix composites. Silicon2019;
11: 2625–2632.
3.
PrasadB.Abrasive wear characteristics of a zinc-based alloy and zinc-alloy/SiC composite. Wear2002;
252: 250–263.
4.
MiroslavBVenclAMitrovićS, et al.
Influence of T4 heat treatment on tribological behaviour of ZA27 alloy under lubricated sliding condition. Tribol Lett2009;
36: 125–134.
5.
MishraSSatapathyA.Ceramic particulate filled ZA-27 metal matrix composites: comparative analysis. Mater Sci Technol2014;
30: 1495–1499.
6.
YanSXieJLiuZ, et al.
Influence of different Al contents on microstructure, tensile and wear properties of Zn-based alloy. J Mater Sci Technol2010;
26: 648–652.
7.
GangwarSPayakVPathakVK, et al.
Characterization of mechanical and tribological properties of graphite and alumina reinforced zinc alloy (ZA-27) hybrid metal matrix composites. J Compos Mater2020;
54: 4889–4901.
8.
XiandongSChengpingLZhuoxuanL, et al.
The fabrication and properties of particle reinforced cast metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol1997;
63: 426–431.
9.
FolorunsoDOOwoeyeSS.Influence of quarry dust-silicon carbide weight percentage on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of stir cast ZA-27 alloy based hybrid composites. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci2019;
31: 280–285.
10.
SeahKSharmaSKrishnaM.Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of ZA-27/TiO2 particulate metal matrix composites. Proc IMechE, Part L:J Materials: Design and Applications2003;
217: 201–206.
11.
KumarVMishraAMohanS, et al.
Fabrication of stircast ZA/ZrB2 reinforced in-situ composites. Mater Res Express2019;
6: 126555.
12.
MaoFChenFYanG, et al.
Effect of strontium addition on silicon phase and mechanical properties of Zn–27Al–3Si alloy. J Alloys Compd2015;
622: 871–879.
13.
LiZ.Fabrication of in situ TiB2 particulates reinforced zinc alloy matrix composite. Mater Lett2014;
121: 1–4.
14.
GülerOÇuvalcıHGökdağM, et al.
Tribological behaviour of ZA27/Al2O3/graphite hybrid nanocomposites. Part Sci Technol2018;
36: 899–907.
15.
JayathilakanKSultanaKRadhakrishnaK, et al.
Utilization of byproducts and waste materials from meat, poultry and fish processing industries: a review.J Food Sci Technol2012;
49: 278–293.
16.
AlanemeKKAjayiOJ.Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of stir-cast Zn–27Al based composites reinforced with rice husk ash, silicon carbide, and graphite. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci2017;
29: 172–177.
17.
ReddyTPKishoreSJThejaPC, et al.
Development and wear behaviour investigation on aluminium-7075/B 4 C/fly ash metal matrix composites. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater2020;
3: 255–265.
18.
AlmomaniMAHayajnehMTMu’ayyadM.Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid green eggshells and graphite-reinforced aluminium composites. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2020;
42: 45.
19.
DurowojuMAsafaTSadikuE, et al.
Improving mechanical and thermal properties of graphite–aluminium composite using Si, SiC and eggshell particles. J Compos Mater2020;
54: 2365–2376.
20.
AsukeFAigbodionVAbdulwahabM, et al.
Effects of bone particle on the properties and microstructure of polypropylene/bone ash particulate composites. Results Phys2012;
2: 135–141.
21.
RajuRSSPanigrahiMGangulyR, et al.
Tribological behaviour of al-1100-coconut shell ash (CSA) composite at elevated temperature. Tribol Int2019;
129: 55–66.
22.
ObianyoIIOnwualuAPSoboyejoAB.Mechanical behaviour of lateritic soil stabilized with bone ash and hydrated lime for sustainable building applications. Case Stud Constr Mater2020;
12: e00331.
23.
VenkateshLArjunanTRavikumarK.Microstructural characteristics and mechanical behaviour of aluminium hybrid composites reinforced with groundnut shell ash and B 4 C. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2019;
41: 295.
24.
VermaASCheemaMSKantS, et al.
Porosity study of developed Al–Mg–Si/bauxite residue metal matrix composite using advanced stir casting process. Arab J Sci Eng2019;
44: 1543–1552.
25.
AmirkhanlouSNiroumandB.Synthesis and characterization of 356-SiCp composites by stir casting and compocasting methods. Trans Nonferr Metal Soc China2010;
20: s788–s793.
26.
GuptaPKGuptaM.Mechanical and microstructural analysis of Al-Al2O3/B4C hybrid composites. Proc IMechE, Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications2020;
234: 1503–1514.
27.
SinghMKGautamRK.Structural, mechanical, and electrical behaviour of ceramic-reinforced copper metal matrix hybrid composites. J Mater Eng Perform2019;
28: 886–899.
28.
ChandlaNKYashpalKantS, et al.
Experimental analysis and mechanical characterization of Al 6061/alumina/bagasse ash hybrid reinforced metal matrix composite using vacuum-assisted stir casting method. J Compos Mater2020;
54: 4283–4297.
29.
ChawlaNShenYL.Mechanical behaviour of particle reinforced metal matrix composites. Adv Eng Mater2001;
3: 357–370.
30.
BaradeswaranAPerumalAE.Influence of B4C on the tribological and mechanical properties of Al 7075–B4C composites. Compos B Eng2013;
54: 146–152.
31.
MuralirajaRArunachalamRAl-ForiI, et al.
Development of alumina reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite with enhanced compressive strength through squeeze casting process. Proc IMechE, Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications2019;
233: 307–314.
32.
SharmaSGirishBSatishB, et al.
Mechanical properties of as-cast and heat-treated ZA-27 alloy/short glass fiber composites. J Mater Eng Perform1997;
7: 93–99.
33.
AhamadNMohammadASadasivuniKK, et al.
Phase, microstructure and tensile strength of Al–Al2O3–C hybrid metal matrix composites. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science2020;
234: 2681–2693.
34.
SharmaSGirishBSomashekarD, et al.
Mechanical properties and fractography of zircon-particle-reinforced ZA-27 alloy composite materials. Compos Sci Technol1999;
59: 1805–1812.
35.
NagavellySVelagapudiVNarasaiahN.Mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behaviour of molybdenum disulphide reinforced zinc–aluminium alloy composites. Trans Indian Inst Metals2017;
70: 2155–2163.
36.
FatileBAdewuyiBOwoyemiH.Synthesis and characterization of ZA-27 alloy matrix composites reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Eng Sci Technol Int J2017;
20: 1147–1154.
37.
RanganathGSharmaSKrishnaM, et al.
A study of mechanical properties and fractography of ZA-27/titanium-dioxide metal matrix composites. J Mater Eng Perform2002;
11: 408–413.
38.
GobalakrishnanBRajaraviCUdhayakumarG, et al. Effect of ceramic particulate addition on aluminium based ex-situ and in-situ formed metal matrix composites. Met Mater Int2020: 1–14.
39.
ManikandanRArjunanT.Mechanical and tribological behaviours of aluminium hybrid composites reinforced by CDA-B4C. Mater Res Express2020;
7: 016584.
40.
SinghGGoyalS.Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of AA6082-T6/SiC/B4C-based aluminium hybrid composites. Part Sci Technol2018;
36: 154–161.
41.
KumarKRKiranKSreebalajiV.Micro structural characteristics and mechanical behaviour of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with titanium carbide. J Alloys Compd2017;
723: 795–801.
42.
BelloSARaheemIARajiNK.Study of tensile properties, fractography and morphology of aluminium (1xxx)/coconut shell micro particle composites. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci2017;
29: 269–277.
43.
OzdenSEkiciRNairF.Investigation of impact behaviour of aluminium based SiC particle reinforced metal–matrix composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf2007;
38: 484–494.
44.
AbdizadehHBaghchesaraMA.Investigation on mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of A356 aluminium alloy based ZrO2 particle reinforced metal-matrix composites. Ceram Int2013;
39: 2045–2050.
