The present work aims to enhance the mechanical performance of monolithic Al alloy and single reinforced metal matrix composite using a hybridization technique. The microparticles of alumina and boron carbide were reinforced into cast Al alloy (6061) in a systematic varying ratio (i.e.100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) to prepare the hybrid metal matrix composites via stir casting method. The mechanical properties (i.e. tensile, impact, hardness and flexural) of the prepared composites were investigated as per ASTM standards. Furthermore, microstructural analysis of unfractured and fractured composite samples was also carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope. It was observed that hybrid composites comprising of microparticles revealed an enhanced tensile, flexural and hardness properties, and reduced impact energy and porosity as compared to Al alloy and single reinforced metal matrix composites. The highest values of tensile strength and modulus were offered by a hybrid composite (B50A50), which was 40% and 52.12% higher than that of Al alloy. Furthermore, there was an improvement of 105.72% in flexural strength and a reduction of 23.88% in impact energy for composite B50A50 than that of Al alloy. The present developed hybrid metal matrix composites can be proposed to be used in automobile parts and construction applications.
BajakkePAMalikVRDeshpandeAS.Particulate metal matrix composites and their fabrication via friction stir processing – a review. Mater Manufac Process2019;
34: 833–881.
2.
DasguptaR.Aluminium alloy-based metal matrix composites: a potential material for wear resistant applications.Int Scholar Res Net ISRN Metallur2012;
2012: 594573.
3.
SutharJPatelKM.Processing issues, machining, and applications of aluminum metal matrix composites. Mater Manufac Process2017;
33: 499–527.
4.
BodunrinaMOAlanemeKKChownbLH.Aluminium matrix hybrid composites: a review of reinforcement philosophies; mechanical, corrosion and tribological characteristics. J Mater Res Technol2015;
4: 434–445.
5.
SinglaMTiwariDDSinghL, et al.Development of aluminium based silicon carbide particulate metal matrix composite. J Min Min Charact Eng2009;
8: 455–467.
6.
ManikandanRArjunanTV.Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of CDA–B4C hybrid metal matrix composites. Met Mater Int2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12540-019-00518-6.
7.
AlanemeKKAlukoAO.Fracture toughness (K1C) and tensile properties of as-cast and age-hardened aluminium (6063)–silicon carbide particulate composites. Sci Iran2012;
19: 992–996.
8.
AdalarasanRSundaramAS.Parameter design in friction welding of Al/SiC/Al2O3 composite using grey theory based principal component analysis (GT-PCA). J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2015;
37: 1515–1528.
9.
MurthyKSGirishDPKeshavamurthyR, et al.Mechanical and thermal properties of AA7075/TiO2/Fly ash hybrid composites obtained by hot forging. Prog Nat Sci Mater Int2017;
27: 474–481.
10.
RadhikaNRaghuR.Investigation on mechanical properties and analysis of dry sliding wear behavior of Al LM13/AlN metal matrix composite based on Taguchi’s technique. J Tribol2017;
139: 041602.
11.
RezayatMParsaMHMirzadehH, et al.Dynamic deformation response of Al–Mg and Al–Mg/B4C composite at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A2018;
712: 645–654.
12.
SinghGGoyalS.Microstructure and mechanical behavior of AA6082-T6/SiC/B4C-based aluminum hybrid composites. Part Sci Technol2018;
36: 154–161.
13.
LiuRWangWChenH, et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of micro-/nano-bimodal size B4C particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by SPS followed by HER. Vacuum2018;
151: 39–50.
14.
ReihanianMHadadianFKPaydarMH.Fabrication of Al–2 vol%Al2O3/SiC hybrid composite via accumulative roll bonding(ARB): an investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng A2014;
607: 188–196.
15.
ShowBKMondalDKBiswasK, et al.Development of a novel 6351 Al-(Al4SiC4+SiC) hybrid composite with enhanced mechanical properties. Mater Sci Eng A2013;
579: 136–149.
16.
PangXXianYWangW, et al.Tensile properties and strengthening effects of 6061Al/12 wt% B4C composites reinforced with nano-Al2O3 particles. J Allo Comp2018;
768: 476–484.
17.
SaravanakumarASasikumarP.Flexural behavior and microstructure of hybrid metal matrix composites. J Mater Environ Sci2018;
9: 2951–2955.
18.
ManikandanRArjunanTV.Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of CDA–B4C hybrid metal matrix composites. Met Mater Int2019. DOI: 10.1007/s12540-019-00518-6.
19.
PoovazhaganLKalaichelvanKRajaduraiA, et al.Characterization of hybrid silicon carbide and boron carbidenanoparticles-reinforced aluminium alloy composites. Procedia Eng2013;
64: 681–689.
20.
AlanemeKKAkintundeIBOlubambiPA, et al.Fabrication characteristics and mechanical behaviour of rice husk ash–alumina reinforced Al-Mg-Si alloy matrix hybridcomposites. J Mater Res Technol2013;
2: 60–70.
21.
FatileOBAkinruliJIAmoriAA.Microstructure and mechanical behaviour of stir-cast Al-Mg-Sl alloy matrix hybrid composite reinforced with corn cob ash and silicon carbide. Int J Eng Technol Innovation2014;
4: 251–259.
22.
LiHFanJGengX, et al.Alumina powder assisted carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg matrix composites. Mater Des2014;
60: 637–642.
23.
Vijaya RBElanchezhianCJaivigneshM, et al.Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy–alumina–boroncarbide metal matrix composites. Mater Des2014;
58: 332–338.
24.
AatthisuganIRoseARJebaduraiDS.Mechanical and wear behaviour of AZ91D magnesium matrix hybrid composite reinforced with boron carbide and graphite. J Mag Allo2017;
5: 20–25.
25.
DevarajuAKumarAKotiveerachariB.Influence of addition of Grp/Al2O3p with SiCp on wear properties of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 hybrid composites via friction stir processing. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China2013;
23: 1275–1280.
26.
DevarajuAKumarAKotiveerachariB.Influence of rotational speed and reinforcements on wear and mechanical properties of aluminum hybrid composites via friction stir processing. Mater Des2013;
45: 576–585.
27.
MahmoudERITakahashiMShibayanagiT, et al.Wear characteristics of surface-hybrid-MMCs layer fabricated on aluminum plate by friction stir processing. Wear2010;
268: 1111–1121.
28.
TjongSCLauKCWuSQ.Wear of Al-based hybrid composites containing BN and SiC particulates. Metall Mater Trans A1999;
30: 2551–2555.
29.
AmirkhanlouSNiroumandB.Synthesis and characterization of 356-SiCp composites by stir casting and compocasting methods. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China2010;
20: 788–793.
30.
ShanmughasundaramPSubramanianRPrabhuG.Synthesis of Al-Fly ash composites by modified two step stir casting method.Adv Mater Res2012;
488: 775–781.
31.
NagaralMHiremathVAuradiV, et al.Influence of two-stage stir casting process on mechanical characterization and wear behavior of AA2014-ZrO2 nano-composites. Trans Indian Ins Met2018;
71: 2845–2850.
32.
AlanemeKKBodunrinMO.Mechanical behaviour of alumina reinforced AA 6063 metal matrix composites developed by two step – stir casting process. Acta Tech Corvininesis – Bull Eng2013;
6.
33.
ASTM B557M - 94.Standard test methods of tension testing wrought and cast aluminum- and magnesium-alloy products.
West Conshohocken, PA:
ASTM, 2015.
34.
ASTM B312 - 20.Standard test method for green strength of specimens compacted from metal powders.
West Conshohocken, PA:
ASTM, 2020.
35.
ASTM E23 - 02a.Standard test methods for notched bar impact testing of metallic materials.
West Conshohocken, PA:
ASTM, 2018.
36.
YaldaARasoulAKSajedR, et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of in situ aluminium matrix composites reinforced by alumina nanoparticles. Arc Civ Mech Eng2018;
18: 215–226.
37.
VermaASCheemaMSSumanK, et al.Porosity study of developed Al–Mg–Si/bauxite residue metal matrix composite using advanced stir casting process. Arabian J Sci Eng2019;
44: 1543–1552.
38.
YousefianPTiryakioğluM.Pore formation during solidification of aluminum: reconciliation of experimental observations, modeling assumptions, and classical nucleation theory. Metall Mater Trans A2018;
49: 563–575.
39.
TiryakioğluM.Solubility of hydrogen in liquid aluminium: reanalysis of available data. Intl J Cast Metals Res2020;
32: 315–318.
40.
LiCLiuXZhangG.Heterogeneous nucleating role of TiB2 or AlP/TiB2 coupled compounds on primary Mg2Si in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Mater Sci Eng A2008;
497: 432–437.
41.
MuralirajaRArunachalamRAl-ForiI, et al.Development of alumina reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite with enhanced compressive strength through squeeze casting process. Proc IMechE, Part L: J Materials: Design and Applications2019;
233: 307–314.
42.
NamTHRequenaGDegischerP.Thermal expansion behaviour of aluminum matrix composites with densely packed SiC particles. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf2008;
39: 856–865.
43.
OzdenSEkiciRNairF.Investigation of impact behaviour of aluminium based SiC particle reinforced metal–matrix composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf2007;
38: 484–494.
