Stress fractures are common injuries in military recruits and athletes, particularly long-distance runners. A high index of suspicion coupled with a thorough history and correct imaging are vital in the diagnosis. A delay in their diagnosis or undertreatment can result in extended recovery times that are particularly damaging to sportspeople where these injuries can be career-ending. In most cases, treatment includes reducing the causative activity to a pain-free level. “High-risk” fractures which typically include the femoral neck, anterior tibia, proximal fifth metatarsal and tarsal navicular may however require surgical fixation. Stress fractures carry a high risk of recurrence and prevention involves reducing modifiable risk factors through training and diet adjustments. All members involved in an athlete or military recruit’s training should therefore be aware of the presence of eating disorders, the effects of overtraining and the importance of rest in order to reduce the incidence of these injuries.
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