Pheochromocytoma

Beard CM Sheps SG Kurland LT Carneu JA Lie JT Occurrence of pheochromocytoma in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979. Mayo Clin Proc 1983;58:802–804.

Fernández-Calvet L García-Mayor RV Incidence of pheochromocytoma in South Galicia, Spain. J Intern Med 1994; 236(6): 675–677.

Stenstrom G Svardsudd K Pheochromocytoma in Sweden 1958–1981. An analysis of the National Cancer Registry Data. Acta Med Scand. 1986; 220(3): 225–232.

Omura M Saito J Yamaguchi K Kakuta Y Nishikawa T Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan. Hypertens Res. 2004; 27(3): 193–202.

La Batide-Alanore A Chatellier G Plouin PF Diabetes as a marker of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2003; 21(9): 1703–1707.

McNeil AR Blok BH Koelmeyer TD Burke MP Hilton JM Phaeochromocytomas discovered during coronial autopsies in Sydney, Melbourne and Auckland. Aust N Z J Med 2000;30(6):648–652.

Sutton MG Sheps SG Lie JT Prevalence of clinically unsuspected pheochromocytoma. Review of a 50-year autopsy series. Mayo Clin Proc. 1981; 56(6): 354–360.

Mansmann G Lau J Balk E Rothberg M Miyachi Y Bornstein SR The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: Update in diagnosis and management. Endocr Rev 2004;25(2):309–340.

Mantero F Terzolo M Arnaldi G Osella G Masini AM Ali A Giovagnetti M Opocher G Angeli A A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(2): 637–644.

Bulow B Ahren B Swedish Research Council Study Group of Endocrine Abdominal Tumours. Adrenal incidentaloma-experience of a standardized diagnostic programme in the Swedish prospective study. J Intern Med 2002; 252(3): 239–246.

Luton JP Martinez M Coste J Bertherat J Outcome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma selected for surgery: An analysis of 88 cases investigated in a single clinical center. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;143(1):111–117.

Murai M Kikuchi E Yanaihara H Nakashima Current management of incidentally discovered adrenal masses, with a review of Japanese literature. J. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000; 54 Suppl 1: 133 s–139 s.

Koch CA Pacak K Chrousos GP The molecular pathogenesis of hereditary and sporadic adrenocortical and adrenomedullary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87(12):5367–5384.

Hes FJ Hoppener JW Lips CJ Clinical Review 155: Pheochromocytoma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88(3):969–974.

Benn DE Marsh DJ Robinson BG Genetics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002;9:79–86.

Neumann HPH Bausch B McWhinney SR Bender BU Gimm O Franke G Schipper J Klisch J Altehoefer C Zerres K Januszewicz A Eng C Freiburg-Warssaw-Columbus pheochromocytoma Study Group. Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1459–1486.

Brandi ML Gagel RF Angeli A Bilezikian JP Beck-Peccoz P Bordi C Conte-Devolx B Falchetti A Gionata Gheri R Libroia A Lips CJM Lombardi G Mannelli M Pacini F Ponder BAJ Raue F Skogseid B Tamburrano G Thakker RV Thompson NW Tomassetti P Tonelli F Wells SA Jr. Marx SJ CONSENSUS: Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of MEN Type 1 and Type 2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86(12):5658–5671.

Xu W Mulligan LM Ponder MA Liu L Smith BA Mathew CG Ponder BA Loss of NF1 alleles in pheochromocytomas from patients with type 1 neurofibromatois. Genes Chrom Cancer 1992;4:337–342.

Astuti D Hart-Holdn N Latif F Lalloo F Black GC Lim C Moran A Grossman AB Hodgson SV Freemont A Ramsden R Eng C Evans DGR Maher ER Genetic analysis of mitochondrial complex II subunits SDHD, SDHB and SDHC in paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma susceptibility. Clin Endocrinol 2003;59:728–733.

Niemann S Muller U Mutations of SDHC cause autosomal dominant paraganglioma Type 3. Nature Genetics 2000; 26: 268–270.

Bravo EL Tarazi RC Gifford RW Jr Stewwart BH Circulating and urinary catecholamines in pheochomocytoma. Diagnostic and pathophysiologic implications. N Engl J Med 301: 682–686.

Pheochromocytoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects Emmanuel l. Bravo and Rodrigo Tagle, Deparment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Ohio 44195.

Plouin PF Degoulet P Tugaye A Ducrocq MB Menard J Screening for phaeochomocytoma: In which Hypertensive patients? A Semiological study of 2585 patients, including 11 with phaeochromocytoma (author's transl). Nouv Presse Med 10: 869–872 (French).

Stenstrom G Svardsudd K 1986 Pheochomocytoma in Sweden 1958–1981. An analysis of the National Cancer Registry data. Acta Med Scand 220: 225–232.

Eisenhofer G Editorial: Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma — Is it time to switch to plasma-free metanephrines? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 550–552.

Young WF Jr Pheochromocytoma: issues in diagnosis and treatment Compr Ther 1997; 23: 319–326.

Bravo EL What is the best diagnostic approach when pheochomocytoma is suspected? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:257–258.

Rosano TG Swift TA Hayes LW Advances in catecolamine and metabolite measurements for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Clin Chem 1991;37:1854–1867.

Gardet V Gatta B Simonnet G Tabarin A Chene G Ducassou D Corcuff JB Lessons from an unpleasant surprise: A biochemical strategy for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. J Hypertens 2001;19:1029–1035.

Gagel RF Tashjian AH Jr Cummings T Papathanasopoulos N Kaplan NM Wolfe HJ Reichlin S The clinical outcome of prospective screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. An 18-year experience. N Engl J Med 1998; 318: 478–484.

Neumann HP Berger DP Sigmund G Blum U Schmidt D Parmer RJ Volk B Kirste G Pheochomocytomas, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and von Hippel-Lindau disease. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1531–1538.

Canale MP Bravo EL Diagnostic specifity of serum chromogranin-A for pheochromocytoma in patients with renal dysfuncton. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1139–1144.

Eisenhofer G Goldstein DS Walther MM Friberg P Lenders JW Keiser HR Pacak K Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: How to distinguish true-from false-positive test results. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2656–2666.

Sawka AM Jaeschke R Singh RJ Young WF A comparison of biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: Measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines compared with the combination of 24-hour urinary metanephrines and catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:553–558.

Bravo EL Evolving concepts in the pathopysiology, diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma. Endocr Rev 1994;15:356.

Goldstein RE O'Neil JA Holcomb GW Morgan WM Nebblett WW Oates JA : Clinical experience over 48 years with pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg. 1999; 229: 755–766.

Francis IR Korobkin M Pheochromocytoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 1996; 34: 1101–1112.

Quint LE Glazer GM Francis IR Shapiro B Chenevert TL Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: Comparison of MR imaging with CT and I-131 MIBG scintigraphy. Radiology. 1987; 165: 89–93.

Maurea S Cuocolo A Reynolds JC Tumeh SS Begley MG Linehan WM Norton JA Walther MM Keiser HR Neumann RD Iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in preoperative and postoperative evaluation of paragangliomas: Comparison with CT and MRI. J Nucl Med. 1993; 34: 173–179.

Berglund AS Hulthen UL Manhem P Thorsson O Wollmer P Tornquist C Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice. Primary and secondary evaluation for localization of phaeochromocytomas. J Intern Med. 2001; 249(3): 247–251.

Peplinski GR Norton JA The predictive value of diagnostic tests for pheochromocytoma. Surgery 1994;116(6):1101–1198.

Caoili EM Korobkin M Francis IR Cohan RH Platt JF Dunnick NR Raghupathi KI Adrenal masses: Characterization with combined unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT. Radiology. 2002; 222(3): 629–633.

Korobkin M Brodeur FJ Francis IR Quint LE Dunnick NR Londy F CT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and nonadenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998; 170(3): 747–752.

Korobkin M Brodeur FJ Yutzy GG Francis IR Quint LE Dunnick NR Kazerooni EA Differentiation of adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using CT attenuation values. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;166(3):531–536.

Lee MJ Mayo-Smith WW Hahn PF Goldberg MA Boland GW Saini S Papanicolaou N State-of-the-art MR imaging of the adrenal gland. Radiographics 1994;14(5):1015–1029.

Ilias I Pacak K Current approaches and recommended algorithm for the diagnostic localization of pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(2):479–491.

Francis IR Korobkin M Pheochromocytoma. Radiol Clin North Am 1996;34(6):1101–1112.

Pacak K Eisenhofer G Carrasquillo JA Chen CC Li ST Goldstein DS 6-[18F]fluorodopamine positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning for diagnostic localization of pheochromocytoma. Hypertension 2001;38(1):6–8.

Bravo EL Tagle R Pheochromocytoma: State-of-the-art and future prospects. Endocr Rev 2003;24(4):539–553.

Pacak K Linehan WM Eisenhofer G Walther MM Goldstein DS Recent advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pheochromocytoma. Ann Intern Med 2001;134(4):315–329.

Newell KA Prinz RA Brooks MH Glisson SN Barbato AL Freeark RJ Plasma catecholamine changes during excision of pheochromocytoma. Surgery 1988;104(6):1064–1073.

Prys-Roberts C Farndon JR Efficacy and safety of doxazosin for perioperative management of patients with pheochromocytoma. World J Surg 2002;26(8):1037–1042.

Proye C Thevenin D Cecat P Petillot P Carnaille B Verin P Sautier M Racadot N Exclusive use of calcium channel blockers in preoperative and intraoperative control of pheochromocytomas: Hemodynamics and free catecholamine assays in ten consecutive patients. Surgery 1989;106(6):1149–1154.

Ulchaker JC Goldfarb DA Bravo EL Novick AC Successful outcomes in pheochromocytoma surgery in the modern era. J Urol 1999;161(3):764–767.

Steinsapir J Carr AA Prisant LM Bransome ED Jr Metyrosine and pheochromocytoma. Arch Intern Med 1997;157(8):901–906.

Proye C Thevenin D Cecat P Petillot P Carnaille B Verin P Sautier M Racadot N Exclusive use of calcium channel blockers in preoperative and intraoperative control of pheochromocytomas: Hemodynamics and free catecholamines assays in ten consecutive patients. Surgery 1989;106:1149–1153.

Prinz RA A comparison of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomies. Arch Surgery 1995;130:489–493.

Smith DC Weber CJ Amerson JR Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: New gold standard. World J Surg 1999;23:389–396.

Gagner M Breton G Pharand D Pomp A Is laparoscopic adrenalectomy indicated for pheochromocytoma? Surgery 1996;120:1076.

Fernández-Cruz L Taurá P Sáenz A Benarroch G Sabater L Laparoscopic approach to pheochromocytoma: Hemodynamic changes and catecholamine secretion. World J Surg 1996;20:762–768.

Miccoli P Bemdinelli C Materazzi G Iacconi P Buccianti P Traditional versus laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of pheochromocytoma: A preliminary study. J Laparoendosc Surg 1997;7:167–171.

Möbius E Nies C Rothmund M Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma. Surg Endosc 1999;13:35–39.

Goldstein RE O'Neill JA Holcomb GW III : Clinical experience over 48 years with pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg 1999;229:755–766.

Lairmore Ct Ball WD Baylen BS Wells AS Management of pheochromocytoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes. Ann Surg 1993;217:595.

Lee JE Curley SA Gagel RF Evans DB Hickey RC Cortical-sparing adrenalectomy for patients with bilateral pheochromocytoma. Surgery 1996;120:1064–1071.

Waltz MK Peitgen K Saller B : Subtotal adrenalectomy by the posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach. Word J Surg 1998;22:621–627.

Neumann HPH Reincke M Bender BU Elsner R Janetschek G Preserved adrenocortical function after laparosopic bilateral adrenal sparing surgery for hereditary pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;8:2608–2610.

Joris JL Hamoir EE Hartstein GM Meurisse MR Hubert BM Charlier CJ Lamy ML Hemodynamic changes and cathecolamines release during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Anesth Analg 1999;88:16–21.

Fleming RY Dougherty TB Feig BW The safety of helium for abdominal insufflation. Surg Endosc 1997;11:230–270.

Fernández-Cruz L Sáenz A Taurá P Sabater L Astudillo E Fontanals J Helium and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in patients with pheochromocytoma undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy. World J Surg 1998;22:1250–1255.

Parrilla P Lujan JA Rodriguez JM Robles R Iliana J Initial experience with endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. Br J Surg 1996;83:987–988.

Mercan S Seven R Ozarmagan S Tezelman S Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. Surgery 1995;118:1071–1076.

Waltz MK Peitgen K Hoermann R Giebler RM Mann K Eigler FW Posterior retroperitoneoscopy as a new minimally invasive approach for adrenalectomy: Results of 30 adrenalectomies in 27 patients. World J Surg 1996;20:769–774.

Bonjer HJ van der Harste E Steyerberg EW : Retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: Open or endoscopic? World J Surg 1998;22:1246–1249.

Fernández-Cruz L Sáenz A Taurá P Benarroch G Astudillo E Sabater L Retroperitoneal approach in laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Surg Endosc 1999;13:86–90.