Accurately evaluating the probability of damage and the resilience of RC frame structures is essential for developing resilient city systems. In this paper, a quasi-static test on three RC frame specimens is carried out to analyze the characteristics of the damage development and performance degradation, as well as the improvement aspects of the performance indexes. Based on that, a damage index, which considered the influences of the differences in component locations and the damage of components on the overall structure, was proposed. And a probabilistic seismic performance assessment method of RC frame structures, including the determination of the limits of the performance indexes and the assessment of the probability of damage and resilience, was developed. The results demonstrate that the proposed damage index offers superior accuracy in predicting the damage degree of the structure. Moreover, the developed assessment method exhibits good agreement with the observed seismic performance of the tested RC frame structures.
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