The aim of this article is to interrogate the current mainstream interpretation of the relations between the Balkans and the West by exploring the agencies of the transmission of knowledge through which the Balkans became familiar with the West. Interest is focused on how concepts about `us' and the `other', cultural and social self-definitions were historically mediated by concepts of Europe. Issues of cultural transfer form a point of departure, in this sense suggesting that Balkan visions of Europe cannot be understood as simply mirroring the representations of the Western hegemonic discourse about the Balkans. In order to understand these visions, more attention needs to be paid to local and regional dynamics in the production of ideologies and self-narrations.
Adamovsky, Ezequiel (2005) `Euro-Orientalism and the Making of the Concept of Eastern Europe in France, 1810-1880', Journal of Modern History77: 591-628.
2.
Angelova, Penka (2004) `Prof. D-r JamesFranklin Clarke: `Bibleiskite obshtestva, amerikanskite misioneri i natsionalnoto vŭzrazhdane na Bŭlgaria', Harvard, 1938 g.' [Prof. Dr. James Franklin Clarke: `The Bible Societies, the American Missionaries and the National Revival of Bulgaria', Harvard, 1938], in Ivan Ilchev and Plamen Mitev (eds) Bŭlgaro-amerikanski kulturni i politicheski vrŭzki prez XIX - pŭrvata polovina na XX vek [Bulgarian-American Cultural and Political Links in the 19th - first half of the 20th century], pp. 100-7. Sofia: Universitetsko izdatelstvo `Sv. Kliment Okhridski'.
3.
Aretov, Nilolai (2001) Bŭlgarskoto Vŭzrazhdane i Evropa [The Bulgarian Revival and Europe]. Sofia: Kralitsa Mab.
4.
Bracewell, Wendy (2005) Orientalism, Occidentalism and Cosmopolitanism: Balkan Travel Writings on Europe. http://www.slovar.org/c18/occidentalism/bracewell.htm
5.
Bracewell, Wendy and Alex Drace-Francis (1999) `South-Eastern Europe: History, Concepts, Boundaries', Balkanologie3(2): 47-66.
6.
Buruma, Ian and Margalit, Avishai (2004) Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies. New York: Penguin Press.
7.
Clarke, James (1988) The Pen and the Sword. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs.
8.
Colović, Ivan (2002) The Politics of Symbol in Serbia. London: Hurst & Company.
9.
Confino, Michael (1994) `Re-Inventing the Enlightenment: Western Images of Eastern Realities in the Eighteenth Century', Canadian Slavonic Papers/Revue canadienne des slavistes36(3-4): 505-22.
10.
Dupcsik, Csaba (1999) `Postcolonial Studies and the Inventing of Eastern Europe', East Central Europe26: 1-14.
11.
Fleming, Kathryn (2000) `Orientalism, the Balkans, and Balkan Historiography' , American Historical Review105(4): 1218-33.
Livanios, Dimitris (2003) `Christians, Heroes and Barbarians: Serbs and Bulgarians in the Modern Greek Historical Imagination (1602-1950)', in Dimitris Tziovas (ed.) Greece and the Balkans , pp. 68-83. Aldershot: Ashgate.
19.
Malmborg, Mikael af and Bo Stråth (eds) (2002) The Meaning of Europe. Variety and Contention within and among Nations. Oxford : Berg.
20.
Mishkova, Diana (2001) Prisposobiavane na svobodata. Modernost-legitimnost v Sŭrbia i Rumŭnia prez XIX vek. [Domestication ofFreedom: Modernity and Legitimacy in Serbia and Romania in the Nineteenth Century]. Sofia: Pradigma.
21.
Mishkova, Diana (2006) `In Quest of Balkan Occidentalism', Tokovi istorije1-2: 29-62.
22.
Nalbantova, Elena (2005) `Ideologŭt Rakovski i negoviat eksperiment Khindistan' [The Ideologist Rakovski and His `Hindustan' Experiment]http://www.slovar.org/c18/occidentalism/nalbantova.htm
23.
Penev, Boian (1977 [1932]) Istoria na novata bŭlgarska literatura [A History of the New Bulgarian Literature], Vol. II. Sofia: Bŭlgaski pisatel.
24.
Reeves-Ellington, Barbara (2004) `A Vision of Mount Holyoke in the Ottoman Balkans: American Cultural Transfer, Bulgarian Nation-Building and Women's Educational Reform, 1858-1870', Gender & History, 16(1): 146-71.
25.
Said, Edward (1978) Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient . New York: Pantheon Books.
26.
Scopetea, Ellie (1991) `Orijentalizam i Balkan' [Orientalism and the Balkans] , Istorijski časopis38: 131-43.
27.
Scopetea, Ellie (2003) `The Balkans and the Notion of the "Crossroads between East and West"', in Dimitris Tziovas (ed.) Greece and the Balkans, pp. 171-6. Aldershot : Ashgate.
28.
Skerlić, Jovan (1925) Omladina i njena književnost [The Serbian Youth Movement and Its Literature]. Beograd.
29.
Stefanov, Arkhimandrid Pavel (2004) `Amerikanskite misioneri v Shumen' [The American Missionaries in Shoumen], in Ivan Ilchev and Plamen Mitev (eds) Bŭlgaro-amerikanski kulturni i politicheski vrŭzki prez XIX - pŭrvata polovina na XX vek [Bulgarian-American Cultural and Political Links in the 19th - first half of the 20th century], pp. 39-46. Sofia: Universitetsko izdatelstvo `Sv. Kliment Okhridski'.
30.
Stråth, B.o (2000) `Introduction: Europe as a Discourse', in Bo Stråth (ed.) Europe and the Other and Europe as the Other, pp. 13-44. Bruxelles: PIE Lang.
31.
Struck, Bernhard (2005) `Historical Regions between Construction and Perception: Viewing France and Poland in the late-18th and early-19th Centuries', East Central Europe/ECE32 (1-2): 79-97.
32.
Taki, Victor (2005) `Moldavia and Wallachia in the Eyes of Russian Observers in the First Half of the 19th Century', East Central Europe/ECE32 (1-2): 99-123.
33.
Todorova, Maria (1997) Imagining the Balkans. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
34.
Todorova, Maria (2002) `Der Balkan als Analysekategorie: Grenzen, Raum, Zeit', Geschichte und Gesellschaft28(3): 470-92.
35.
Todorova, Maria (2005) `The Trap of Backwardness: Modernity, Temporality, and the Study of Eastern European Nationalism', Slavic Review64(1): 140-64.
36.
Tsoukalas, Constantin (2002) `The Irony of Symbolic Reciprocities - The Greek Meaning of "Europe" as a Historical Inversion of the European Meaning of "Greece"' , in Mikael af Malmborg and Bo Stråth (eds) The Meaning of Europe: Variety and Contention within and among Nations, pp. 27-50. Oxford: Berg.
37.
Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.) (2003) Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment. Aldershot: Ashgate .
38.
Weber, Eugen (1976) Peasants into Frenchmen. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Wolff, Larry (1994) Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
