This article applies Jack Goody’s critique of Western classifications of historical and ethnographical phenomena to the current discourses of orientalism themselves in an endeavor to understand the sociological basis of what might be called the shift from orientalism to occidentalism. The argument compares the current emergence of anti-civilizational and self-critical discourses to historical examples of similar phenomena and argues that the current shift itself, so well represented in works that may seem similar to Goody’s but which are very more narrowly ideological and lacking in a more general critical stance, are reflexes of the declining hegemony of powerful imperial centers within global systems.
Abu-Lughod, J.L. ( 1989) Before European Hegemony: The World System AD 1250-1350 . New York: Oxford University Press .
2.
Branham, R.B. and M.-O. Goulet-Cazé ( 1996) The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy . Berkeley: University of California Press.
3.
Braudel, F. ( 1982) Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century. New York: Harper and Row.
4.
Braudel, F. ( 1984) The Perspective of the World. New York : Harper and Row.
5.
Buruma, I. and A. Margalit ( 2004) Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies. New York: Penguin.
6.
Cohen, S. ( 1991) ‘Religion, Ethnicity and "Hellenism" in the Emergence of Jewish Identity in Maccabean Palestine’, in P. Bilde, P. Engberg-Pedersen, L. Hannestad and J. Zahle (eds) Religion and Religious Practice in the Seleucid Kingdom . Aarhus: Aarhus University Press .
7.
Denemark, R., J. Friedman , B. Gills and G. Modelski (eds) (2000) World System History: The Science of Long-term Change. London : Routledge.
8.
Diakonoff, I.M. ( 1972) ‘Socio-economic Classes in Babylonia and the Babylonian Concept of Social Stratification’, pp. 41-52 in D.O. Edzard (ed.) Gesellschaftsklassenim alten Zweismgmlande . Munich: Bayrische Akad. Wiss.
9.
Dumont, L. ( 1976) Homo Aequalis. Paris: Gallimard.
10.
Ekholm, K. ( 1976) ‘Om studiet av det globala systemets dynamik’ , Antropologiska Studier14: 15-23.
11.
Ekholm, K. ( 1980) ‘On the Limitations of Civilization: The Structure and Dynamics of Global Systems’, Dialectical Anthropology6: 155-66.
12.
Ekholm, K. and J. Friedman ( 1979) ‘"Capital", Imperialism and Exploitation in Ancient World Systems’, in M.T. Larsen (ed.) Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
13.
Ekholm, K. and J. Friedman ( 1980) ‘Towards a Global Anthropology’, in H. Blussé, H.L. Wesseling and G.D. Winius (eds) History and Underdevelopment. Leiden and Paris: Editions de la Maison de l’Homme.
14.
Ekholm Friedman, K. ( 1994) Den magiska världsbilden: statens frigörelse från folket i Folkrepubliken Kongo. Stockholm: Carlssons Bokförlag.
15.
Frank, A.G. ( 1998) ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16.
Frank, A.G. and B.K. Gills ( 1993) The World System: Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand?London: Routledge.
17.
Friedman, J. ( 1994[1992]) ‘The Political Economy of Elegance’ , in J. Friedman (ed.) Consumption and Identity. London: Harwood Academic.
18.
Friedman, J. ( 1994) Cultural Identity and Global Process. London: SAGE.
19.
Gandoulou, J.-D. ( 1984) Entre Paris et Bacongo. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Centre de création industrielle.
20.
Gelb, I.J. ( 1969) ‘On the Alleged Temple and State Economies in Ancient Mesopotamia’, pp. 137-54 in Studi in Onore di Edoardo Volterra, vol. 6. Milan: Giuffr’e.
21.
Gitlin, T. ( 1995) The Twilight of Common Dreams: Why America is Wracked by Culture Wars. New York: Metropolitan Books.
22.
Gitlin, T. ( 2006) The Intellectuals and the Flag. New York: Columbia University Press.
23.
Goody, J. ( 1990) The Oriental, the Ancient, and the Primitive: Systems of Marriage and the Family in the Pre-industrial Societies of Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24.
Goody, J. ( 1996) The East in the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25.
Goody, J. ( 1998) Food and Love. London: Verso.
26.
Goody, J. ( 2003) Islam in Europe. Cambridge: Polity Press.
27.
Goody, J. ( 2004) Capitalism and Modernity: The Great Debate. Cambridge: Polity Press.
28.
Goody, J. ( 2006) The Theft of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
29.
Jacoby, R. ( 1999) The End of Utopia: Politics and Culture in an Age of Apathy . New York: Basic Books.
30.
Joffrin, L. ( 2001) Le Gouvernement invisible: naissance d’une démocratie sans le peuple. Paris: Arléa .
31.
Juillard, J. ( 1997) La Faute des élites. Paris: Gallimard.
32.
Laïdi, Z. ( 2001) ‘Rebonds: il est urgent de s’interroger sur les prochains conflits de civilisation et guerres. La planète cannibale’ , Libération 12 Oct.: 14.
33.
Lombard, M. ( 1975) The Golden Age of Islam. Amsterdam/New YorkNorth Holland/American Elsevier.
34.
Meyer, B. and P. Geschiere ( 1999) Globalization and Identity: Dialectics of Flow and Closure . Oxford: Blackwell.
35.
Wallerstein, I.M. ( 1974) The Modern World-system: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press.
36.
Wallerstein, I.M. ( 2004) World-systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
37.
Wallerstein, I.M. ( 2006) European Universalism: The Rhetoric of Power. New York: New Press.
