This article argues that criminology has not moved sufficiently from the construction of a series of different `others', towards an epistemology of diversity. The emerging theory of cosmopolitanism is advocated as more consistent with the empirical realities of diversity and globalization than the identity/difference logic of modernity. Cosmopolitanism emphasizes the universality of rights because of humans' common possession of the earth, and proposes the grounding of justice on the need to respond to strangers without hostility. As well as this normative cosmopolitanism, methodological cosmopolitanism has been espoused in recent works by Ulrich Beck and Paul Gilroy. This methodological cosmopolitanism, it is argued, can yield valuable insights into diversity and its implications in single societies and in the globalized world.
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