Adolescent and young adult (AYA) mental health issues are increasingly prominent, with physical activity recognized as an effective improvement method. However, intervention studies often overlook mental health differences among groups with varying physical activity levels. This study uses network analysis to explore mental health structures and core characteristics among these groups to support targeted strategies. A total of 1784 adolescents and 1459 young adults participated in a survey assessing physical activity and psychological factors. Results showed that groups with higher physical activity levels scored higher on life satisfaction and positive affect, and lower on stress, anxiety, and depression. Network analysis revealed that life satisfaction and panic occupy central positions in the mental health network, showing consistency across different physically active groups. Thus, physical activity positively affects AYA mental health. Interventions enhancing life satisfaction and reducing panic are key for improving mental health, providing insights for universal and targeted strategies.
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