Rasch modeling was used to examine the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale within adults (n = 410) in a weight management program. Rasch analysis assessed model-data fit, item difficulty and person’s resilience level, an item-person map to evaluate relative distribution items and persons, and rating scale function. Four misfit items were identified and removed. Item difficulty ranged from 1.25 to 1.19 logits (higher logit values indicate more difficult items). Persons’ resilience level had wide distribution (resilience = 2.27 ± 1.56 logits). Item difficulty levels did not adequately assess higher resilience levels. An improved inventory that measures a wider range of resilient behaviors would improve measurement quality.
AnshelMHKangMJubenvilleC (2013) Sources of acute sport stress scale for sports officials: Rasch calibration. Psychology of Sport and Exercise14: 362–370.
2.
BaekHSLeeKUJooEJ, et al. (2011) Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Psychiatry Investigation7(2): 109–115.
3.
BlockJKremenAM (1996) IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology70(2): 349–361.
4.
BonannoGA (2004) Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?American Psychologist59(1): 20–28.
5.
BondTGFoxCM (2007) Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
6.
BondTGFoxCM (2013) Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. London: Psychology Press.
7.
BrinthauptTMKangM (2012) Many-faceted Rasch calibration: An example using the self-talk scale. Assessment21(2): 241–249.
8.
ConnorKMDavidsonJR (2003) Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety18(2): 76–82.
9.
CooperZDollHAHawkerDM, et al. (2010) Testing a new cognitive behavioral treatment for obesity: A randomized controlled trial with three-year follow up. Behavioral Research and Therapy48(8): 706–713.
10.
ElfhagKRossnerS (2005) Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain. Obesity Reviews6(1): 67–85.
11.
FassinoSPieroAGramagliaC, et al. (2004) Clinical, psychopathological and personality correlates of interoceptive awareness in anorexia, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. Psychopathology37(4): 168–174.
GoinsRGreggJJFiskeA (2013) Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale with older American Indians: The native elder care study. Research on Aging35(2): 123–143.
14.
GonzálezVBASierraMTCMartínezBA, et al. (2015) An in-depth psychometric analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: Calibration with Rasch-Andrich model. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes13(1): 154.
15.
HaaseLStewartJLYoussefB, et al. (2016) When the brain does not adequately feel the body: Links between low resilience and interoception. Biological Psychology113: 37–45.
16.
ItoASmithDCYouS, et al. (2015) Validation and utility of the social emotional health survey—Secondary for Japanese students. Contemporary School Psychology19(4): 243–252.
17.
JacksonAWMorrowJRBowlesHR, et al. (2007) Construct validity evidence for single-response items to estimate physical activity levels in large sample studies. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport78(2): 24–31.
18.
JohnsonDCPolusnyMAErbesCR, et al. (2011) Development and initial validation of the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale. Military Medicine176(2): 161–169.
19.
KangSJKangM (2006) Rasch calibration of perceived weights of different sports games. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science10(1): 51–66.
20.
KilicSADorstynDSGuiverNG (2013) Examining factors that contribute to the process of resilience following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord51(7): 553–557.
21.
KingMFBrunerGC (2000) Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing17(2): 79–103.
22.
LazarusRS (1993) From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology44: 1–21.
LinacreJM (2002b) What do infit and outfit, mean-square and standardized mean. Rasch Measurement Transactions16(2): 878.
25.
LoprinziCEPrasadKSchroederDR, et al. (2011) Stress management and resilience training (SMART) program to decrease stress and enhance resilience among breast cancer survivors: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Clinical Breast Cancer11(6): 364–368.
26.
LutharSSCicchettiDBeckerB (2000) The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development71(3): 543–562.
27.
LutzLJGaffney-StombergEWilliamsKW, et al. (2017) Adherence to dietary guidelines for Americans is associated with psychological resilience in young adults: A cross-sectional study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics117(3): 396–403.
28.
MastenAS (2001) Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist56(3): 227–238.
29.
MatzkaMMayerHKöck-HódiS, et al. (2016) Relationship between resilience, psychological distress and physical activity in cancer patients: A cross-sectional observation study. PLoS ONE11(4): e0154496.
30.
MyersNDWolfeEWFeltzDL, et al. (2006) Identifying differential item functioning of rating scale items with the Rasch model: An introduction and an application. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science10(4): 215–240.
31.
OttoLMHowerterABellIR, et al. (2010) Exploring measures of whole person wellness: Integrative well-being and psychological flourishing. Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing6(6): 364–370.
32.
ParkCWLessigVP (1977) Students and housewives: Differences in susceptibility to reference group influence. Journal of Consumer Research977(4): 102–110.
33.
PengLLiMZuoX, et al. (2014) Application of the Pennsylvania resilience training program on medical students. Personality and Individual Differences61–62: 47–51.
34.
PerriMGSearsSFClarkJE (1993) Strategies for improving maintenance of weight loss. Toward a continuous care model of obesity management. Diabetes Care16(1): 200–209.
35.
PodsakoffPMMacKenzieSBLeeJY, et al. (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology88(5): 879–903.
36.
RaschG (1960) Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Achievement Tests. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Educational Research.
37.
RaschG (1980) Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Achievement Tests (Expanded edn). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
38.
RobertiJWHarringtonLNStorchEA (2006) Further psychometric support for the 10-item version of the perceived stress scale. Journal of College Counseling9(2): 135–147.
39.
SendersABourdetteDHanesD, et al. (2014) Perceived stress in multiple sclerosis: The potential role of mindfulness in health and well-being. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine19(2): 104–111.
40.
SteinhardtMAMamerowMMBrownSA, et al. (2009) A resilience intervention in African American adults with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Educator35(2): 274–284.
41.
SutherlandJACookLStetinaP, et al. (2009) Women in substance abuse recovery measures of resilience and self-differentiation. Western Journal of Nursing Research31(7): 905–922.
42.
VarkevisserRDMvan StralenMMKroezeW, et al. (2019) Determinants of weight loss maintenance: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews20(2): 171–211.
43.
WaddenTAButrynMLByrneKJ (2004) Efficacy of lifestyle modification for long-term weight control. Obesity Reviews12(Suppl.): 151S–162S.
44.
WilliamsRLWoodLGCollinsCE, et al. (2015) Effectiveness of weight loss interventions—Is there a difference between men and women: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews16(2): 171–186.
45.
WindleG (2011) What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Review in Clinical Gerontology21(2): 152–169.
46.
WindleGBennettKMNoyesJA (2011) A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes9(8): 1–18.
YoshikawaENishiDMatsuokaYJ (2016) Association between regular physical exercise and depressive symptoms mediated through social support and resilience in Japanese company workers: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health16(1): 553.
49.
ZwickRThayerDTLewisC (1999) An empirical Bayes approach to Mantel-Haenszel DIF analysis. Journal of Educational Measurement36(1): 1–28.
