As others have pointed out a variety of complicating factors with the PACE trial (e.g. changing outcome criteria), I will limit my remarks to issues that involve the composition of adaptive pacing therapy and issues involving patient selection. My key points are that the PACE trial investigators were not successful in designing and implementing a valid pacing intervention and patient selection ambiguity further compromised the study’s outcomes.
BrownMKhoranaNJasonLA (2011) The role of changes in activity as a function of perceived available and expended energy in non-pharmacological treatment outcomes for ME/CFS. Journal of Clinical Psychology3: 253–260.
4.
CoxDLudlamSMasonL. (2004) Adaptive pacing therapy (APT) for CFS/ME (Manual for therapists).
5.
EubaRChalderTDealeA. (1996) A comparison of the characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome in primary and tertiary care. British Journal of Psychiatry168: 121–126.
6.
GeraghtyK (2016) “PACE-Gate”: When clinical trial evidence meets open data access. Journal of Health Psychology22(9): 1106–1112.
7.
GoudsmitEMHo-YenDODanceyCP (2009) Learning to cope with chronic illness: Efficacy of a multi-component treatment for people with chronic fatigue syndrome. Patient Education and Counseling77: 231–236.
8.
GoudsmitEMJasonLANijsJ. (2012) Pacing as a strategy to improve energy management in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A consensus document. Disability and Rehabilitation34(13): 1140–1147.
9.
HawkCJasonLATorres-HardingS (2006) Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine13: 244–251.
10.
JasonLABentonMTorres-HardingS. (2009) The impact of energy modulation on physical functioning and fatigue severity among patients with ME/CFS. Patient Education and Counseling77: 237–241.
11.
JasonLABrownMBrownA. (2013) Energy Conservation/Envelope Theory interventions to help patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Fatigue1: 27–42.
12.
JasonLAMelroseHLermanA. (1999) Managing chronic fatigue syndrome: Overview and case study. AAOHN Journal47: 17–21.
13.
JasonLARoesnerNPorterN. (2010) Provision of social support to individuals with CFS. Journal of Clinical Psychology66: 249–258.
14.
KingCPJasonLAFrankenberryEL. (1997) Think inside the envelope. The CFIDS Chronicle10: 10–14.
PriceJRMitchellETidyE. (2008) Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews3: 1–55.
18.
ReevesWCLloydAVernonSD. (2003) The international chronic fatigue syndrome study group identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution. BMC Health Services Research3: 2.
19.
SunnquistMJasonLA (2016). A re-examination of the cognitive behavioral theory of CFS. In:12th international IACFS/ME research and clinical conference: Emerging science and clinical care/ME, Fort Lauderdale, Fl, 27–30 October.
20.
TaylorRRJasonLAShiraishiY. (2006) Conservation of resources theory, perceived stress, and chronic fatigue syndrome: Outcomes of a consumer-driven rehabilitation program. Rehabilitation Psychology51: 157–165.
21.
The London Criteria (1994) Report on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome (PVFS) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) (The National task force). Bristol: Westcare.
22.
WesselySChalderTHirschS. (1996) Psychological symptoms, somatic symptoms, and psychiatric disorder in chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: A prospective study in the primary care setting. American Journal of Psychiatry153: 1050–1059.
23.
WesselySChalderTHirschS. (1997) The prevalence and morbidity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: A prospective primary care study. American Journal of Public Health87: 1449–1455.
24.
WhitePDGoldsmithKAJohnsonAL. (2011) PACE trial management group. Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): A randomized trial. The Lancet377: 823–836.
