Effectiveness of a multidimensional web-based intervention program to change Brazilian health practitioners’ attitudes toward the lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender population
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online March, 2016
Effectiveness of a multidimensional web-based intervention program to change Brazilian health practitioners’ attitudes toward the lesbian,gay,bisexual and transgender population
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multidimensional (educational, affective and behavioural) web-based intervention to change healthcare practitioners’ attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population. It aimed to measure gender and sexual (GenSex) prejudice pre- and post-intervention in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 307 health practitioners from southern Brazil enrolled and completed the follow-up assessment. The intervention had significant effects, varying across traditionally high prejudiced groups. State- and street-level continuous prejudice reduction policies are suggested.
AraujoLOliveiraJSousaV. (2007) Children adoption by homosexual couples: A comparative study between law and psychology students. Psicologia & Sociedade19(2): 95–102.
2.
BalzerCHuttaJSAdriánT. (2012) Transrespect versus Transphobia Worldwide: A Comparative Review of the Human-rights Situation of Gender-Variant/Trans People. Berlin: Transgender Europe (TGEU).
3.
BarbosaBC (2013) ‘Freaks and whores’: Uses of travesti and transsexual categories. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad14(2): 352–379.
4.
BarbosaRMFacchiniR (2009) Access to sexual health care for women who have sex with women in São Paulo, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública25(2): s291–s300.
5.
BartoşSEBergerIHegartyP (2014) Interventions to reduce sexual prejudice: A study-space analysis and meta-analytic review. The Journal of Sex Research51(4): 363–382.
6.
BauerGRScheimAIDeutschMB. (2014) Reported emergency department avoidance, use, and experiences of transgender persons in Ontario, Canada: Results from a respondent-driven sampling survey. Annals of Emergency Medicine63(6): 713–720.
7.
BerkmanAGarciaJMunoz-LaboyM. (2005) A critical analysis of the Brazilian response to HIV/AID: Lessons learned for controlling and mitigating the epidemic in developing countries. American Journal of Public Health95(7): 1162–1172.
BurgessDvan RynMDovidioJ. (2007) Reducing racial bias among health care providers: Lessons from social-cognitive psychology. Journal of General Internal Medicine22(6): 882–887.
10.
CearáADTDalgalarrondoP (2010) Mental disorders, quality of life and identity in middle-age and older homosexual adults. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry37(3): 118–123.
11.
Cerqueira-SantosECalvettiPURochaK. (2010) Gays, lesbians, bisexuals, transgenders perceptions of the Brazilian public health care system (SUS). Interamerican Journal of Psychology44(2): 235–245.
12.
ChapmanRWatkinsRZappiaT. (2012) Second-level hospital health professionals’ attitudes to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health for their children. Journal of Clinical Nursing21(5–6): 880–887.
13.
CostaABBandeiraDRNardiHC (2015a) Evaluation of prejudice against sexual and gender diversity: Construction of an instrument. Estudos de Psicologia32(2): 163–172.
14.
CostaABMachadoWDBandeiraDR. (in press) Validation study of the revised version of the Scale of Prejudice Against Sexual and Gender Diversity in Brazil. Journal of Homosexuality.
15.
CostaABPeroniROBandeiraDR. (2013) Homophobia or sexism? A systematic review of prejudice against nonheterosexual orientation in Brazil. International Journal of Psychology48(5): 900–909.
16.
CostaABPeroniROde CamargoES. (2015b) Prejudice toward gender and sexual diversity in a Brazilian Public University: Prevalence, awareness, and the effects of education. Sexuality Research and Social Policy12(4): 261–272.
17.
CunhaRBBGomesR (2015) Young male homosexuals and their health: A systematic review. Interface – Comunicação, Saúde, Educação19(52): 57–70.
18.
DunnTLGonzalezCACostaAB. (2014) Does the minority stress model generalize to a non-US sample? An examination of minority stress and resilience on depressive symptomatology among sexual minority men in two urban areas of Brazil. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity1(2): 117–131.
19.
EgryEY (1985) Opinions of nursing students about various sexual practices. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP19(1): 55–73.
20.
FinlayBWaltherCS (2003) The relation of religious affiliation, service attendance, and other factors to homophobic attitudes among university students. Review of Religious Research44(4): 370–393.
21.
FiskeSTNorthMS (2014) Measures of stereotyping and prejudice: Barometers of bias. In: BoyleGJSaklofskeDHMatthewsG (eds) Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 684–712.
22.
FleuryATorresA (2007) Psychosocial analyses of prejudice against homosexuals. Estudos de Psicologia24(4): 475–486.
23.
FryP (1986) Male homosexuality and spirit possession in Brazil. Journal of Homosexuality11(3–4): 137–153.
24.
GirENogueiraMSPeláNTR (2000) Human sexuality in nursing education. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem8(2): 33–40.
25.
GodfreyKHaddockSAFisherA. (2006) Essential components of curricula for preparing therapists to work effectively with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients: A Delphi study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy32(4): 491–504.
26.
GrangeiroALaurindo da SilvaLTeixeiraPR (2009) Response to AIDS in Brazil: Contributions of social movements and the sanitary reform. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública26: 87–94.
27.
GreenARCarneyDRPallinDJ. (2007) Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine22(9): 1231–1238.
28.
GreenJN (1999) Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth Century Brazil. São Paulo: Livraria UNESP.
29.
HatzenbuehlerML (2014) Structural stigma and the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Current Directions in Psychological Science23(2): 127–132.
30.
HendricksMLTestaRJ (2012) A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the Minority Stress Model. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice43(5): 460.
31.
HerekGM (2004) Beyond ‘homophobia’: Thinking about sexual prejudice and stigma in the twenty-first century. Sexuality Research & Social Policy1(2): 6–24.
32.
HerekGMMcLemoreKA (2011) The Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale. In FisherTDavisCMYarberWL. (eds) Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 415–417.
33.
HerekGMMcLemoreKA (2013) Sexual prejudice. Annual Review of Psychology64: 309–333.
34.
HillDBWilloughbyBL (2005) The development and validation of the genderism and transphobia scale. Sex Roles53(7–8): 531–544.
JewellLMMorrisonMAGazzolaSB (2012) Modifying heterosexuals’ negative attitudes and behaviours toward gay men and lesbian women: Recommended practices for the design of attitudinal and behavioural change interventions. In MorrisonTGMorrisonMACarriganMA. (eds) Sexual Minority Research in the New Millennium. New York: Nova Science, pp. 205–225.
37.
KingMSemlyenJTaiSS. (2008) A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry8(1): 70–77.
38.
LacerdaMPereiraCCaminoL (2002) A study of the prejudice forms against homosexuals in perspective of social representations. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica15(1): 165–178.
39.
LickDJDursoLEJohnsonKL (2013) Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science8(5): 521–548.
40.
MachadoMH (1986) Women’s participation in the health sector in Brazil – 1970/80. Cadernos de Saúde Pública2(4): 449–460.
41.
MarshalMPDietzLJFriedmanMS. (2011) Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health49(2): 115–123.
42.
MarshalMPFriedmanMSStallR. (2008) Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: A meta-analysis and methodological review.Addiction103(4): 546–556.
43.
MatosIMToassiRFTde OliveiraMC (2013) Health professions and occupations and feminization process: Trends and implications. Athenea Digital: Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social13(2): 239–244.
44.
MelloL (2011) Health policies for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals and travestis in Brazil: The pursuit of universality, integrality and equity. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad9: 7–28.
45.
MeyerIH (2003) Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin129(5): 674–697.
46.
NicolPChapmanRWatkinsR. (2013) Tertiary paediatric hospital health professionals’ attitudes to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children. Journal of Clinical Nursing22(23–24): 3396–3405.
47.
PaluckELGreenDP (2009) Prejudice reduction: What works? A review and assessment of research and practice. Annual Review of Psychology60: 339–367.
48.
ParkerRG (1999) Beneath the Equator: Cultures of Desire, Male Homosexuality, and Emerging Gay Communities in Brazil. New York: Routledge.
49.
RomanoVF (2008) Transvestites in the Family Health Program of Lapa. Saúde e Sociedade17(2): 211–219.
50.
RufinoACMadeiroAGirãoMJBC (2014) Sexuality education in Brazilian medical schools. The Journal of Sexual Medicine11(5): 1110–1117.
51.
ScherLJ (2009) Beyond acceptance: An evaluation of the safe zone project in a clinical psychology doctoral program. PhD Thesis, Long Island University, Brookville, NY.
52.
SnivelyCAKreugerLStretchJJ. (2004) Understanding homophobia: Preparing for practice realities in urban and rural settings. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services17(1): 59–81.
53.
StroumsaD (2014) The state of transgender health care: Policy, law, and medical frameworks. American Journal of Public Health104(3): e31–e38.
54.
TuckerEWPotocky-TripodiM (2006) Changing heterosexuals’ attitudes toward homosexuals: A systematic review of the empirical literature. Research on Social Work Practice16(2): 176–190.
55.
ValadãoRCGomesR (2011) Female homosexuality in health: From invisibility to violence. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva21(4): 1451–1467.
56.
WarnerM (ed.) (1993) Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
57.
WilsonPAYoshikawaH (2007) Improving access to health care among African-American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. In: MeyerIHNorthridgeM (eds) The Health of Sexual Minorities: Public Health Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations. New York: Springer, pp. 607–637.
58.
YenCFPanSMHouSY. (2007) Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and related factors among nurses in Southern Taiwan. Public Health121(1): 73–79.
