The authors review the literature on the effects on children of witnessing and being caught up in violence between their parents, including treatment and prevention aspects.
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2.
Arroyo, W.
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3.
Barnard, G.W.
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4.
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(1984). Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowship to USA to study trauma services for children. Psychiatric Bulletin, 18, 565-566.
5.
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Cameron, D.
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9.
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10.
Cummings, E.M.
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11.
Cummings, E.M.
(1987). Coping with background anger in early childhood. Child Development, 58, 976-984.
12.
Davidson, T.
(1978). Conjugal crime: Understanding and changing the wife beating pattern.New York: Hawthorn.
Dodge, K.
(1993). Studying mechanisms in the cycle of violence. In C. Thompson, & P. Cowen (Eds.). Violence: Basic and clinical science (pp. 19-34). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
15.
Emery, R.E.
(1989). Family violence: Children and their development: Knowledge base, research agenda and social policy application [Special issue], American Psychologist, 44, 321-328.
16.
Fantuzzo, J.W.
, & Lindquist, C.U. (1989). The effects of observing conjugal violence on children: A review and analysis of research methodology. Journal of Family Violence, 4, 77-94.
17.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
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18.
Finkelhor, D.
(1983). Common features of family abuse. In D. Finkelhor, R.J. Gelles, G.T. Hotaling, & M.A. Straus (Eds.), The dark side of families (pp. 17-28). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19.
Finkelhor, D.
, Gelles, R.J., Hotaling, G.T., & Straus, M.A.(Eds.) (1983). The dark side of families - Current family violence research.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
20.
Garmezy, N.
, & Masten, A.S. (1994). Chronic adversities. In M. Rutter, E. Taylor, & L. Hersov (Eds.) Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches (3rd ed., pp. 191-208). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
21.
Goldner, V.
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22.
Greenblat, C.S.
(1983). A hit is a hit is a hit... or is it? In D. Finkelhor, R.J. Gelles, G.T. Hotaling, & M.A. Straus (Eds.), The dark side of families (pp. 235-260). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
23.
Harris Hendriks, J.
, Black, D., & Kaplan, T. (1993). When father kills mother: Guiding children through trauma and grief.London: Routledge.
24.
Harris Hendriks, J.
, Black, D., & Morris Smith, J. (1995, May 9). The first year of the Children's Trauma Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London. Paper presented at the 4th European Conference on Traumatic Stress, Paris.
25.
Herbert, J.
(1993). The neuroendocrinology of aggression: Roles of steroids, monoamines and peptides. In C. Thompson, & P. Cowen (Eds.) Violence: Basic and clinical science (pp. 37-61). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
26.
Herman, J.L.
, Perry, J.C., & Van der Kolk, B.A. (1989). Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 490-495.
27.
Hilberman, E.
, & Munson, K. (1987). Sixty battered women. Victimology,2, 460-470.
28.
Hughes, H.M.
(1986). Research with children in shelters: Implications for clinical services. Children Today, 15 (2), 21-25.
29.
Jaffe, P.G.
, Wolfe, D.A., Wilson, S.K., & Slusczarzck, M. (1985). Similarities in behavior and social maladjustment among child victims and witnesses to family violence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56, 142-146.
30.
Jaffe, P.G.
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31.
Langan, PA.
(1986). Preventing domestic violence against women (Bureau of Justice statistics special report). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
32.
Marans, S.
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33.
Masten, A.S.
, Best, M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study. of children who overcame adversity. Development and Psychopathology,2, 425-444.
34.
McKibben, L.
, De Vos, E., & Newberger, E.H. (1989). Victimization of mothers of abused children: A controlled study. Pediatrics, 84 (3), 531-535.
35.
Miedzian, M.
(1991). Boys will be boys: Breaking the link between masculinity and violence.Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
36.
Mooney, J.
(1993). The hidden figure: Domestic violence in North London.London: Islington Council.
37.
NCH Action for Children
(1994). The hidden victims - Children and domestic violence.London: Author, 85 Highbury Park, London N5 1UD.
38.
Newberger, C.M.
, Geremy, I.M., Waternaux, C.M., & Newberger, E.H. (1993). Mothers of sexually abused children: trauma and repair in longitudinal perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 63 (1), 92-102.
39.
Peled, E.
, Jaffe, P.G., & Edelson, J.L. (Eds.) (1995). Ending the cycle of violence: Community responses to children of battered women.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40.
Pynoos, R.S.
, & Eth, S. (1984). The child as witness to homicide. Journal of Social Issues, 40 (2), 87-108.
41.
Pynoos, R.S.
, & Eth, S. (1986). Witness to violence: The child interview. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry,25, 306-319.
42.
Pynoos, R.S.
, & Nader, K. (1988). Children who witness the sexual assaults of their mothers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 567-572.
43.
Rutter, M.
(1983). Stress, coping and development: Some issues and some questions. In N. Garmezy, & M. Rutter (Eds.), Stress coping and development in children (pp. 1-42). New York: McGraw-Hill.
44.
Smith, L.
(1989). Domestic violence: An overview of the literature. Home Office Research and Planning Unit Report (Home Office Research Study No. 107). London: HMSO.
45.
Smith, S.
(1992). Adult domestic violence. Health Trends, 24, 97-99.
46.
Stark, E.
, Flitcraft, A., & Frazier, W. (1979). Medicine and patriarchal violence: The social construction of a private event. International Journal of Health Services, 9 (3), 461-493.
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(1991). Childhood traumas - An outline and overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 10-20.
49.
Van der Kolk, B.A.
(1987). The psychological consequences of overwhelming life experiences. In B.A. Van der Kolk (Ed.), Psychological trauma.Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
50.
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51.
Widom, C.S.
(1989). Does violence beget violence? A critical examination of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 106 (1), 3-28.
52.
Wolfe, D.A.
, Jaffe, PG., Wilson, S.K., & Zak, L. (1985). Children of battered women: The relation of child behaviour to family violence and maternal stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 657-659.
