The nature of humans is to return from travelling with a souvenir of the
experience. The purchase of a souvenir by a tourist serves as a tangible way of
capturing or suspending in time an otherwise intangible experience. Many small
businesses in the south-west region of the USA depend on souvenir sales for
income. The purpose of this study was to assess south-western
retailers’ knowledge of tourists’ souvenir purchase
behaviour while visiting the area. Souvenir products, product attributes and
store attributes were analysed for differences in importance between tourists
and retailers. Factor analysis and t-tests were administered. Findings indicated
differences exist between tourists and retailers with regard to souvenir
products, product attributes and store attributes. By better understanding the
relationship between tourists and their retail needs, tourism-based retail busi
nesses may increase revenues and the economic activity of a host area.
MacCannell, D.
(1976) ‘The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure
Class’,
Schocken, New York
.
2.
Graburn, N.
(1989) ‘Tourism: The sacred
journey’, in
Smith, V.
(ed.) ‘Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of
Tourism’,
University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
, pp. 21-36, at p. 28.
3.
Ibid., p. 24.
4.
Gordon, B.
(1986)
‘The souvenir: Message of the extraordinary’
, Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 20, No.
3, pp.
135-146
.
5.
Ibid.
6.
Ibid.
7.
Keown, C.
(1989)
‘A model of tourists’ propensity to buy: The case of
Japanese visitors to Hawaii’
, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 27, No.
3, pp.
31-34
.
8.
Deitch, L.
(1989) ‘The impact of tourism upon the arts and
crafts of Indians of the southwestern United States’, in
Smith, V.
(ed) ‘Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of
Tourism’,
University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
, pp. 223-235
Littrell, M.
,
Baizerman, S.
,
Kean, R.
,
Gahring, S.
,
Niemeyer, S.
,
Reilly, R.
and
Stout, J.
(1994)
‘Souvenirs and tourism styles’
, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 33, No.
1, pp.
3-11
.
15.
Rupe, D.
and
Kunz, G.
(1998)
‘Building a financially meaningful language of merchandise assortments’
, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 16,
No. 2, pp.
88-97
.
16.
Gordon, ref. 4 above.
17.
Ibid.
18.
Swanson, K. (1994) ‘Souvenir marketing in tourism retailing:
Shopper and retailer perceptions’, dissertation, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, TX.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Turner, L.
and
Reisinger, Y.
(2001)
‘Shopping satisfaction for domestic tourists’
, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.
8, No. 1, pp.
15-27
.
21.
Michael, E.
(2002)
‘Antiques and tourism in Australia’
, Tourism Management, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp.
117-125
.
22.
Blundell, V.
(1993)
‘Aboriginal empowerment and souvenir trade in Canada’
, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 20, No.
1, pp.
64-87
.
23.
Turner and Reisinger, ref. 20 above.
24.
Stone, E.
(2004) ‘The Dynamics of Fashion’,
Fairchild, New York
.
25.
Ibid.
26.
Ibid.
27.
Ibid.
28.
Gordon, ref. 4 above.
29.
Anderson and Littrell, ref. 13 above; Turner and Reisinger, ref. 20 above.
30.
Goeldner, R.
,
Ritchie, J.
and
McIntosh, R.
(2000) ‘Tourism: Principles, Practices,
Philosophies’,
John Wiley & Sons, New York
.
31.
Pysarchik, D
(1989) ‘Tourism retailing’,
in
Witt, S.
and
Moutinho, L.
(eds) ‘Tourism Marketing and Management
Handbook’,
Prentice-Hall, New York
, pp. 553-556.
32.
Littrell et al., ref. 14 above.
33.
Turner and Reisinger, ref. 20 above.
34.
Simpson, G.
(1999) ‘A Guide to Indian Jewelry of the
Southwest’,
Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson
.
35.
Asplet, M.
and
Cooper, M.
(2000)
‘Cultural designs in New Zealand souvenir clothing: The question
of authenticity’
, Tourism Management, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp.
307-312
.
36.
Ibid.
37.
Harp, S.
,
Hlavaty, V.
and
Horridge, P.
(2000)
‘South Korean female apparel market segments based on store attributes’
, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.
7, No. 3, pp.
161-170
.
38.
Stone, ref. 24 above.
39.
Berry, L.
(1969)
‘The components of department store image: A theoretical and
empirical analysis’
, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 45, No. 1,
pp.
3-20
.
40.
Swanson, K.
and
Horridge, P.
(2002)
‘Tourists’ souvenir purchase behaviour and
retailers’ awareness of tourists’ purchase behaviour in
the southwest’
, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 20,
No. 2, pp.
62-76
.
41.
Vogt, C.
and
Fesenmaier, D.
(1995)
‘Tourists and retailers’ perceptions of services’
, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 22, No.
4, pp.
763-780
.
42.
Vogt and Fesenmaier, ibid.
43.
Pysarchik, ref. 31 above.
44.
Ibid.
45.
McIntosh, R.
and
Goeldner, C.
(1990) ‘Tourism: Principles, Practices,
Philosophies’,
John Wiley & Sons, New York
.
46.
Ibid.
47.
Ibid.
48.
Jansen-Verbeke, M.
(1991)
‘Leisure shopping’
, Tourism Management, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.
9-14
.
49.
Jansen-Verbeke, M.
(1998) ‘The synergism between shopping and
tourism’, in
Theobald, W.
(ed.) ‘Global Tourism’,
Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford
, pp. 428-446.
50.
Littrell, M.
,
Reilly, R.
,
Stout, J.
,
Kean, R.
,
Niemeyer, S.
,
Baizerman, S.Gahring, S.
(1989) ‘Tourism and craft marketing: Producers,
retailers and consumers’, research proposal funded by the
North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State
University, Ames
.
51.
Harp et al., ref. 37 above.
52.
Salant, P.
and
Dillman, D.
(1994) ‘How to Conduct Your Own
Survey’,
John Wiley & Sons, New York
.
53.
Hair, J.
,
Anderson, R.
,
Tatham, R.
and
Black, W.
(1998) ‘Multivariate Data
Analysis’,
Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
.
54.
Ibid.
55.
Ibid.
56.
Gordon, ref. 4 above.
57.
Blundell, ref. 22 above.
58.
Pysarchik, ref. 31 above.
59.
Pysarchik, ref. 31 above.
60.
Littrell et al. ref. 14 above.
61.
Turner and Reisinger, ref. 20 above.
62.
Stone, ref. 24 above.
63.
Ibid.
64.
Littrell et al. ref. 14 above.
65.
Asplet and Cooper, ref. 35 above.
66.
Swanson, K.
and
Everett, J.
(2000) ‘Promotion in the Merchandising
Environment’,
Fairchild, New York
.
67.
Stone, ref. 24 above.
68.
Jansen-Verbeke, ref. 49 above.
69.
Henthorne, T.
(2000)
‘An analysis of expenditures by cruise-ship passengers in Jamaica’
, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 38, No.
3, pp.
246-251
.
70.
Bellenger, D.
and
Korgaonkar, P.
(1980)
‘Profiling the recreational shopper’
, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 56, No. 3,
pp.
77-92
.
