In persons with MS (pwMS), a lower cardiopulmonary fitness has been associated with a higher risk for secondary disorders, decreased functional capacity, symptom worsening and reduced health-related quality of life.
Objective:
To investigate the association between disease severity and cardiopulmonary fitness.
Methods:
Data from cardiopulmonary exercise tests, previously conducted in three different countries, were pooled. The association between disease severity (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) and cardiopulmonary fitness (peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)) was adjusted for age, sex and the country of origin.
Results:
The combined sample comprised 116 ambulant pwMS having a mean (± SD) EDSS score of 2.7 ± 1.3. There was a significant correlation (r = -0.418, p < .01) between VO2peak and EDSS. A multiple regression model (R2 = 0.520, p < .01) was constructed to describe VO2peak (mL∙kg−1∙min−1); VO2peak = 36.622 − 5.433 (Sex (1=men)) – 0.124 (Age) − 2.082 (EDSS) + 2.737 (Belgium) + 8.674 (Denmark).
Conclusion:
There was a significant association between disease severity and cardiopulmonary fitness. The close relation between cardiopulmonary fitness and chronic conditions associated with physical inactivity, suggest a progressive increase in risk of secondary health conditions in pwMS
BrownePChandraratnaDAngoodC. Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: A growing global problem with widespread inequity. Neurology2014; 83: 1022–1024.
3.
DalgasUStenagerE. Exercise and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: can exercise slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis?Ther Adv Neurolog Dis2012; 5: 81–95.
4.
MarckCHHadgkissEJWeilandTJ. Physical activity and associated levels of disability and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: a large international survey. BMC Neurol2014; 14: 143.
5.
JickSSLiLFalconeGJ. Mortality of patients with multiple sclerosis: a cohort study in UK primary care. J Neurol. 2014; 261: 1508–1517.
6.
MarrieRAHanwellH. General health issues in multiple sclerosis: comorbidities, secondary conditions, and health behaviors. Continuum (Minneap Minn)2013; 19: 1046–1057.
7.
WensIDalgasUStenagerE. Risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome in multiple sclerosis – a systematic review. Mult Scler2013; 19: 1556–1564.
8.
MarrieRAReiderNStuveO. The incidence and prevalence of comorbid gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, ocular, pulmonary, and renal disorders in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler2015; 21(3): 332–341.
9.
MarrieRAReiderNCohenJ. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cancer in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler2015; 21(3): 294–304.
10.
MarrieRAReiderNCohenJ. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders and seizure disorders in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler2015; 21(3): 342–349.
11.
MarrieRAReiderNCohenJ. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler2015; 21(3): 318–331.
12.
MarrieRAReiderNCohenJ. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler2015; 21(3): 282–293.
13.
Langeskov-ChristensenMHeineMKwakkelG. Aerobic capacity in persons with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. Epub ahead of print 5 March 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0307-x.
14.
MarrieRAElliottLMarriottJ. Dramatically changing rates and reasons for hospitalization in multiple sclerosis. Neurology2014; 83: 929–937.
15.
EriksenLCurtisTGronbaekM. The association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and self-rated health. Prev Med2013; 57: 900–902.
16.
MotlRWMcAuleyEWynnD. Physical activity, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: analysis of associations between individual-level changes over one year. Qual Life Res2013; 22: 253–261.
RombergAVirtanenAAunolaS. Exercise capacity, disability and leisure physical activity of subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler2004; 10: 212–218.
19.
HakolaLKomulainenPHassinenM. Cardiorespiratory fitness in aging men and women: the DR’s EXTRA study. Scand J Med Sci Sport2011; 21: 679–687.
20.
JacksonASSuiXO’ConnorDP. Longitudinal cardiorespiratory fitness algorithms for clinical settings. Am J Preventive Med2012; 43: 512–519.
21.
Meyer-MoockSFengYSMaeurerM. Systematic literature review and validity evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol2014; 14: 58.
22.
HeineMHoogervorstELHackingHG. Validity of maximal exercise testing in people with multiple sclerosis and low to moderate levels of disability. Phys Ther2014; 94: 1168–1175.
23.
Langeskov-ChristensenMLangeskov-ChristensenDOvergaardK. Validity and reliability of VO(2)-max measurements in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Neurological Sci2014; 342: 79–87.
24.
KodamaSTanakaSHeianzaY. Association between physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care2013; 36: 471–479.
25.
KodamaSSaitoKTanakaS. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA2009; 301: 2024–2035.
26.
DurstineJLPainterPFranklinBA. Physical activity for the chronically ill and disabled. Sports Med2000; 30: 207–219.
27.
HerdyAHUhlendorfD. Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing for sedentary and active men and women. Arq Bras Cardiol2011; 96: 54–59.
28.
WhiteLJCastellanoV. Exercise and brain health – implications for multiple sclerosis: Part II – Immune factors and stress hormones. Sports Med2008; 38: 179–186.
29.
CorthalsAP. Multiple sclerosis is not a disease of the immune system. Q Rev Biol2011; 86: 287–321.
30.
PrakashRSSnookEMMotlRW. Aerobic fitness is associated with gray matter volume and white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis. Brain Res2010; 1341: 41–51.
