Surface texturing is an effective approach to improve the tribological properties of mechanical components. An indentation method is presented to fabricate dimple textures on bronze specimen surfaces. Graphite was selected as the mating balls in ball-on-disc wear tests. The worn surfaces and the indented dimples heaped with the thin ribbon debris were observed by microscope. The morphology and evolution of wear debris were employed to explain the influence of indented dimple textures. The experimental results indicate that the generation of thin ribbon debris is due to the edge hardening of indented dimple. The thin ribbon debris and the indented conical dimple are conducive to the debris heaping on slopes of dimples, which can facilitate the formation of the graphite-rich transfer layers on indented dimple surface. Compared with nontextured surface, indented dimple surface has lower coefficients of friction and slighter wear. The tribological properties of indented dimple surface are improved because of the edge hardening, the debris heaping and the formation of transfer layers.
HuYChenGXZhangSD, et al.Comparative investigation into the friction and wear behaviours of a Cu–Ag contact wire/carbon strip and a pure copper contact wire/carbon strip at high speeds. Wear2017; 376–377: 1552–1557.
2.
XiongXTuCChenD, et al.Arc erosion wear characteristics and mechanisms of pure carbon strip against copper under arcing conditions. Tribol Lett2014; 53: 293–301.
3.
KalinMPoljanecD. Influence of the contact parameters and several graphite materials on the tribological behaviour of graphite/copper two-disc electrical contacts. Tribol Int2018; 126: 192–205.
4.
HuZLChenZHXiaJT. Study on surface film in the wear of electrographite brushes against copper commutators for variable current and humidity. Wear2008; 264: 11–17.
5.
SlavičJBoltežarM. Measuring the dynamic forces to identify the friction of a graphite–copper contact for variable temperature and current. Wear2006; 260: 1136–1144.
6.
WangPZhangHYinJ, et al.Wear and friction behaviours of copper mesh and flaky graphite- modified carbon/carbon composite for sliding contact material under electric current. Wear2017; 380–381: 59–65.
7.
YasarICanakciAArslanF. The effect of brush spring pressure on the wear behaviour of copper–graphite brushes with electrical current. Tribol Int2007; 40: 1381–1386.
8.
JoshiGSPutignanoCGaudiusoC, et al.Effects of the micro surface texturing in lubricated non-conformal point contacts. Tribol Int2018; 127: 296–301.
9.
LiJLiuSYuA, et al.Effect of laser surface texture on CuSn6 bronze sliding against PTFE material under dry friction. Tribol Int2018; 118: 37–45.
10.
HuJXuH. Friction and wear behavior analysis of the stainless steel surface fabricated by laser texturing underwater. Tribol Int2016; 102: 371–377.
11.
WosSKoszelaWPawlusP. The effect of both surfaces textured on improvement of tribological properties of sliding elements. Tribol Int2017; 113: 182–188.
12.
HeXZhongLWangG, et al.Tribological behavior of femtosecond laser textured surfaces of 20CrNiMo/beryllium bronze tribo-pairs. Ind Lubr Tribol2015; 67: 630–638.
13.
LiKYaoZHuY, et al.Friction and wear performance of laser peen textured surface under starved lubrication. Tribol Int2014; 77: 97–105.
14.
KoszelaWDzierwaAGaldaL, et al.Experimental investigation of oil pockets effect on abrasive wear resistance. Tribol Int2012; 46: 145–153.
15.
ShangQYuAWuJ, et al.Influence of heat affected zone on tribological properties of CuSn6 bronze laser dimple textured surface. Tribol Int2017; 105: 158–165.
16.
YanCPWangLWangQD, et al.Tribological properties of bronze with different surface wettability. Tribology2014; 34: 297–303.
17.
SchönenbergerIRoyS. Microscale pattern transfer without photolithography of substrates. Electrochim Acta2006; 51: 809–819.
18.
GachotCRosenkranzAHsuSM, et al.A critical assessment of surface texturing for friction and wear improvement. Wear2017; 372–373: 21–41.
19.
BessarabAVZhidkovNVKormerSB, et al.Measurement of the reflectivity of metal mirrors acted on by laser radiation. Sov J Quant Electron1978; 8: 188–191.
20.
SteenWM. Laser material processing, 3rd ed. London: Springer, 2003.
21.
CostaHLHutchingsIM. Some innovative surface texturing techniques for tribological purposes. Proc IMechE, Part J: Engineering Tribology2014; 229: 429–448.
22.
ArslanAMasjukiHHKalamMA, et al.Surface texture manufacturing techniques and tribological effect of surface texturing on cutting tool performance: a review. Crit Rev Solid State Sci2016; 41: 447–481.
23.
ZhengLZhangCZhangC, et al.Performance of micro-dent array fabricated by laser shock peening on the surface of A304 stainless steel. Vacuum2017; 138: 93–100.
24.
GuoYBCaslaruR. Fabrication and characterization of micro dent arrays produced by laser shock peening on titanium Ti–6Al–4V surfaces. J Mater Process Technol2011; 211: 729–736.
25.
BhushanB. Introduction to tribology, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2013.
26.
PrasadSVMcconnellBD. Tribology of aluminum metal-matrix composites: lubrication by graphite. Wear1991; 149: 241–253.
27.
MaWLuJ. Effect of surface texture on transfer layer formation and tribological behaviour of copper–graphite composite. Wear2011; 270: 218–229.
28.
HuttonTJMcEnaneyBCrellingJC. Structural studies of wear debris from carbon–carbon composite aircraft brakes. Carbon1999; 37: 907–916.
29.
ChenJDJuCP. Low energy tribological behavior of carbon-carbon composites. Carbon1995; 33: 57–62.
30.
MurdieNJuCPDonJ, et al.Microstructure of worn pitch/resin/CVI C-C composites. Carbon1991; 29: 335–342.
31.
PaulmierDMansoriMElZaïdiH. Study of magnetized or electrical sliding contact of a steel XC48/graphite couple. Wear1997; 203–204: 148–154.
32.
YenBKIshiharaT. An investigation of friction and wear mechanisms of carbon-carbon composites in nitrogen and air at elevated temperatures. Carbon1996; 34: 489–498.
33.
MenezesPLKishoreKailasS.V. Study of friction and transfer layer formation in copper-steel tribo-system: role of surface texture and roughness parameters. Tribol T2009; 52: 611–622.
34.
ChenJDChern LinJHJuCP. Effect of load on tribological behaviour of carbon-carbon composites. J Mater Sci1996; 31: 1221–1229.
35.
NavrotskyAMazeinaLMajzlanJ. Size-driven structural and thermodynamic complexity in iron oxides. Science2008; 319: 1635–1638.
36.
LuoXWYuSYShengXY, et al.Tribological properties differences of various graphite used in 10 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor. Atom Energy Sci Technol2004; 38: 226–230.
