Bay Street, the main thoroughfare in Nassau, The Bahamas’ capital city, is a storehouse for much of that country’s social memory. It has been the stage for some of the most significant events in The Bahamas’ history and continues to be at the center of Bahamian cultural, economic, and political life. Understandably, Bay Street has also been a contested space. This article discusses the contested nature of Bay Street using the 1942 riot, a key event in Bahamian political history that occurred on Bay Street, and Junkanoo, an important cultural festival in The Bahamas.
AchingG. (2002). Masking and power: Carnival and popular culture in the Caribbean. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2.
BatumanB. (2003). Imagination as appropriation: Student riots and the (re)claiming of public space. Space and Culture, 6, 261-275.
3.
BethelE. C. (1991). Junkanoo: Festival of the Bahamas. London, England: McMillan Caribbean.
4.
BethelN. (2003a). Junkanoo, territory, and identity. In Junkanoo and religion: Christianity and cultural identity in the Bahamas (Papers presented at the Jukanoo Symposium, pp. 46-55). Nassau, Bahamas: Media Enterprises.
5.
BethelN. (2003b). Junkanoo in the Bahamas: A tale of identity. In Junkanoo and religion: Christianity and cultural identity in the Bahamas (Papers presented at the Jukanoo Symposium, pp. 118-130). Nassau, Bahamas: Media Enterprises.
6.
BrownA. (2006). Contested space: Street trading, public space, and livelihoods in developing cities. Warwickshire, England: Practical Action.
7.
CratonM.SaundersG. (2000). Islanders in the stream: A history of the Bahamian people: Vol. 2: From the ending of slavery to the twenty-first century. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
8.
DarlingC. (2002). A Bahamian life story: Volume 1, The year of struggle 1922-1958. Nassau, Bahamas: Author.
9.
EstradaW. D.WeberD. (2008). The Los Angeles Plaza: Sacred and contested space. Austin: The University of Texas Press.
10.
FawkesR. F. (1988). The faith that moved the movement: A memoir of a life and the times. Hialeah, FL: Dodds Printing.
11.
FrancisP. (2003). The future of Junkanoo. In Junkanoo and religion: Christianity and cultural identity in the Bahamas (pp. 61-66). Nassau, Bahamas: Media Enterprises.
12.
IsenbergA. (2004). Downtown America: A history of the place and the people who made it. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
13.
JohnsonD. (1972). The quiet revolution in the Bahamas. Nassau, The Bahamas: Family Islands Press.
14.
JohnsonW. B. (2006). Post-emancipation race relations in the Bahamas. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
15.
KlawS. (1959). Nassau’s bustling Bay Street Boys. Fortune, 59(1), 92.
16.
LefebvreH. (1991). The production of space. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
17.
LovelaceE. (1998). The dragon can’t dance. New York, NY: Persea Books.
18.
LowS. M. (2000). On the plaza: The politics of public space and culture. Austin: University of Texas Press.
19.
MartinN. P.StorrV. H. (2007). I’se a Man: Political awakening and the 1942 Riot in the Bahamas. Journal of Caribbean History, 41, 72-91.
20.
MartinN. P.StorrV. H. (2009a). Whose Bay Street? Competing narratives of Nassau’s City Centre. Island Studies Journal, 4, 25-42.
21.
MartinN. P.StorrV. H. (2009b). Demystifying Bay Street: Black Tuesday and the radicalization of Bahamian politics in the 1960s. Journal of Caribbean History, 43, 37-50.
22.
McCannE. J. (1999). Race, protest and public space: Contextualizing Lefebvre in the US city. Antipode, 31, 163-184.
23.
MerrifieldA. (2006). Henri Lefebvre: A critical introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
24.
MorrisseyM.GaffikinF. (2006). Planning for peace in contested space. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30, 873-893.
25.
MunningsF. (2003). Junkanoo: A celebration of Bahamian life. In Junkanoo and religion: Christianity and cultural identity in the Bahamas (Papers presented at the Jukanoo Symposium, pp. 108-110). Nassau, Bahamas: Media Enterprises.
26.
Nash-FergusonA. (2000). I come to get me! An inside look at the Junkanoo festival. Nassau, Bahamas: Doongalik Studios.
27.
PindlingL. (2000). The vision of Sir Lynden Pindling: In his own words. Nassau, Bahamas: Estate of Sir Lynden Pindling.
28.
RyanM. (2006). A durable center: The plaza of Los Angeles, 1781-1930. Urban History, 33, 458-483.
29.
SaundersG. (1985). The 1942 Riot in Nassau: A demand for change?Journal of Caribbean History, 20, 117-146.
30.
SaundersG. (1987). The role of the coloured middle class in Nassau, Bahamas, 1890-1942. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 10, 448-467.
31.
ShieldsR. (1999). Lefebvre, love and struggle: Spatial dialectics. London, England: Routledge.
32.
ThemistocleousR. (2000). The merchant princes of Nassau: The maintenance of political hegemony in The Bahamas 1834-1948 (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury, England.
WarfB.AriasS. (2008). The spatial turn: interdisciplinary perspectives. London, England: Routledge.
35.
WisdomK. G. (1985). Bahamian Junkanoo: An act in modern social drama (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Georgia, Athens.
36.
WoodV. N. M. (1996). Rushin’ hard and runnin’ hot: Experiencing the music of the Junkanoo Parade in Nassau, Bahamas (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington.
37.
ChurchillW.S.Gascoyne-CecilR. A.EdenA.SmutsJ.AttleeC. (1942, April18-May25). Official: Prime Minister: HRH the Duke of Windsor [Correspondence on and with the Duke of Windsor]. Churchill Papers (CHAR 20/63/49-61). Cambridge, England: Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College.
38.
Duke of Windsor. (1942, June6). Riots for higher wages by unskilled workers, and Commission of Enquiry [Original Correspondence: Telegram from the Duke of Windsor to Secretary of State for the Colonies]. Records of the Colonial Office, Commonwealth and Foreign and Commonwealth Offices, Empire Marketing Board, and related bodies (CO 23/731). Kew, London, England: British National Archives.
39.
Gascoyne-Cecil, R. A., Duke of Windsor, Hollis, L., & Wood, E. F. L. (1942, February18-March19). Official: Prime Minister: HRH the Duke of Windsor [Colonial Office memorandum on security and defence in The Bahamas, relating to protection of the Duke of Windsor]. Churchill Papers (CHAR 20/63/1-19). Cambridge, England: Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College.
40.
RussellA.McKinneyH.BrownH. (1942, December). Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into Disturbances in The Bahamas which took place in June 1942 [Publication of and access to the Report of the Commission of Enquiry on the Riots]. Records of the Colonial Office, Commonwealth and Foreign and Commonwealth Offices, Empire Marketing Board, and related bodies (CO 23/323). Kew, London, England: British National Archives.
41.
RussellA.McKinneyH.BrownH. (1943, March-1944, January). Report of the Select Committee of the House of Assembly [Report of the Select Committee concerning riots: Comments and recommendation]. Records of the Colonial Office, Commonwealth Offices, Empire Marketing Board, and related bodies (CO 23/734). Kew, London, England: British National Archives.