Incidence and Predictors of Diabetic Keto-acidosis Among Children Under 15 Years At Central Ethiopia Public Hospital A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most serious acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. pediatrics with an incidence rate of 1% to 10% per patient, children have the possibility of dying due to cerebral edema and have significant mortality and morbidity. Diabetic ketoacidosis is unfortunately becoming more common in African nations due to insufficient public healthcare systems.

Objective:

The objective is to assess the Incidence and Predictors of Diabetic Keto-acidosis Among Children Under 15 Years At Central Ethiopia Public Hospital in A Retrospective Cohort Study 2022.

Methods:

Wachemo University Specialized Hospital in Hadiya Zone, central Ethiopia, recruited 390 children with diabetes mellitus.

Design:

It is a retrospective cohort study. The time frame for the study was January 1, 2018, through December 30, 2021. Predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis were examined using the Cox proportional hazard model. In the end, the Cox-regression hazard model contained predictors whose hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and P-value were less than .25 in the bivariable analysis. Statistically significant at a P-value of less than .05.

Result:

A total of 378 child records were examined, yielding a 96.92% response rate. 207 (54.8%) of the 378 recruited children experienced DKA, with a mean follow-up period of 20.83 months and a 95% CI = (49.72, 59.80; 19.54, 22.12). In the cohort, there were 26 incidences of DKA for every 1000 children per month. The following factors were reported to be substantially linked with diabetic ketoacidosis: age <5 years AHR = 2.5 (1.61-3.86), living in a rural location AHR = 1.48 (1.02-2.16), co-morbidity AHR = 1.51 (1.10-2.08), and missed DM follow-up AHR = 1.6 (1.17-2.18).

Conclusion:

In this study, the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was seen in over half of the children. Intervention strategies and early patient identification at risk for this increased incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis.