Syncretism will never be a word used at the dinner tables of whānau (family) or at the marae (Māori communal gathering places) for it is ingrained in a specifically theological world. However, the concept behind the word is something with which Māori are very familiar because we do it automatically. We walk in Māori and Pākehā (New Zealanders of predominantly European ancestry) worlds and our spirituality comes with us. We navigate, negotiate and traverse the syncretistic terrain every day.
AndersenP. B. (2009). Revival, syncretism, and the anticolonial discourse of the Kherwar Movement, 1871–1910. In YoungR. F. (Ed.), India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on understanding—Historical, theological, and bibliographical—In honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg (pp. 127–143). William B. Eerdmans.
2.
Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. (2005). New Zealand Prayer Book: He Karakia Mihinare o Aotearoa.
3.
BairdR. D. (2004). Syncretism and the history of religions. In LeopoldA. M.JensenJ. S. (Eds.), Syncretism in religion: A reader (pp. 48–58). Routledge.
4.
BerlingJ. A. (1980). The syncretic religion of Lin Chao-en. Columbia University Press.
5.
BernerU. (2004). The concept of “syncretism”: An instrument of historical insight/discovery? In LeopoldA. M.JensenJ. S. (Eds.), Syncretism in religion: A reader (pp. 295–315). Routledge.
6.
BinneyJ. (1997). Redemption songs: A life of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki. Bridget Williams Books.
7.
BinneyJ.ChaplinG. (1996). Ngā mōrehu—The survivors: The life histories of eight Maori women. Oxford University Press & Bridget Williams.
8.
BinneyJ.ChaplinG.WallaceC. (1979). Mihaia: The prophet Rua Kenana and his community at Maungapohatu. Auckland University Press.
9.
BoffL. (1985). Church: Charism and power: Liberation theology and the institutional church. SCM Press.
10.
CooperG. (2017). Gods and Kaupapa Māori research. In HoskinsT.JonesA. (Eds.), Critical conversations in Kaupapa Māori (pp. 147–159). Huia.
11.
CopelandK. (2010). The laws of prosperity. Kenneth Copeland Ministries.
12.
CreeganN. H. (2005). Jesus in the land of spirits and utu. Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies, 18(2), 141–153.
13.
DarraghN. (2003). Contextual method in theology: Learnings from the case of Aotearoa New Zealand. Pacifica: Australasian Theology Studies, 16(1), 45–66.
14.
DroogersA. (1989). Syncretism: The problem of definition, the definition of the problem. In GortJ.VroomH.FernhoutR.WesselsA. (Eds.), Dialogue and syncretism: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 7–25). William B. Eerdsman.
15.
ElsmoreB. (2008). Like them that dream: The Maori and the Old Testament. Reed.
16.
GoosenG. (2000). Syncretism and the development of doctrine. Colloquium, 32(2), 137–150.
17.
HarrisonW. H. (2014). In praise of mixed religion: The syncretism solution in a multifaith world. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
18.
HigginsR. (2012). New Zealand: The Māori people. In PalmerM. D.BurgessS. M. (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to religion and social justice (pp. 412–424). Blackwell.
19.
HollisJ. T. (2013). Te Atuatanga: Holding Te Karaitianatanga and Te Māoritanga together going forward. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand].
20.
JørgensenJ. A. (2013). Indigenization, syncretism and the assumed boundedness of Christianity: A critique. In AdogameA.ShankarS. (Eds.), Religion on the move! New dynamics of religious expansion in a globalizing world (pp. 99–111). Koninklijke Brill NV.
21.
KraemerH. (1956). The Christian message in a non-Christian world (3rd ed.). James Clarke & Company.
22.
LinehamP. (2021). The entrepreneurial church. In PioE.KilpatrickR.PrattT. (Eds.), Reimagining faith and management: The impact of faith in the workplace (pp. 104–116). Routledge.
MahuikaN. (2015). Re-storying Māori legal histories: Indigenous articulations in nineteenth-century Aotearoa New Zealand. Native American and Indigenous Studies, 2(1), 40–66.
25.
MarsdenM. (2003). The woven universe: Selected writings of Rev. Māori Marsden. Estate of Rev. Māori Marsden.
26.
MelbourneT. (2011). Te wairua kōmingomingo o te Māori = The spiritual whirlwind of the Māori [Unpublished doctoral thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand].
27.
MikaereA. (2005). Cultural invasion continued: The ongoing colonisation of tikanga Māori. Yearbook of New Zealand Jurisprudence, 8(2), 134–172.
28.
MikaereA. (2011). Colonising myths—Māori realities: He rukuruku whakaaro. Huia.
29.
MikaereA. (2016). Te harinui: Civilising Māori with school and church. In HutchingsJ.Lee-MorganJ. (Eds.), Decolonisation in Aotearoa: Education, research and practice (pp. 48–57). NZCER Press.
30.
MoorfieldJ. C. (2011). Te Aka—Māori–English, English–Māori dictionary. Pearson.
MullinsM. R. (2001). Syncretistic movements. In SunquistS. W. (Ed.), Evangelical dictionary of Asian Christianity (pp. 809–810). William B Eerdsman.
34.
PanikkarR. (1975). Some notes on syncretism and eclecticism related to the growth of human consciousness. In PearsonB. A. (Ed.), Religious syncretism in antiquity: Essays in conversation with Geo Widengren (pp. 47–62). Scholars Press.
35.
PatersonL. (2010). Print culture and the collective Māori consciousness. Journal of New Zealand Literature, 28(2), 105–129.
36.
RaeM. (2012). The subversive theology of Rua Kēnana. In MorrisonH.PatersonL.KnowlesB.RaeM. (Eds.), Mana Māori and Christianity (pp. 223–242). Huia.
37.
RangiwaiB. (2012). The potential of prophecy: Māori prophetism and community development. Te Kaharoa: The eJournal of Indigenous Pacific Issues, 1(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.24135/tekaharoa.v5i1.96
38.
RangiwaiB. (2015). Ko au ko Te Umutaoroa, ko Te Umutaoroa ko au: Toward a Patuheuheu hapū development model [Unpublished doctoral thesis, Auckland University of Technology]. https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/8851
RangiwaiB. (2018e). Te Kooti’s slow-cooking earth oven prophecy: A Patuheuheu account and a new transformative leadership theory. Te Kaharoa: The eJournal on Indigenous Pacific Issues, 11(1), 1–119. https://www.tekaharoa.com/index.php/tekaharoa/article/view/240
47.
RangiwaiB. (2019). A Kaupapa Māori study of the positive impacts on the development of Christian faith among Māori from my faith-world perspective [Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Otago]. https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/9847
RudolphK. (2004). Syncretism: From theological invective to a concept in the study of religion. In LeopoldA. M.JensenJ. S. (Eds.), Syncretism in religion: A reader (pp. 68–85). Routledge.
50.
RyanP. M. (2001). The Reed dictionary of modern Māori. Reed.
51.
SalmondA. (1993). Whose God, or not. Social Analysis, 34, 50–55.
52.
SalmondA. (2017). Tears of Rangi: Experiments across worlds. Auckland University Press.
53.
SchreiterR. J. (1985). Constructing local theologies. Orbis.
54.
ShawR.StewartC. (1994). Introduction: Problematizing syncretism. In StewartC.ShawR. (Eds.), Syncretism/anti-syncretism: The politics of religious synthesis (pp. 1–26). Routledge.
55.
ShilsE. (1981). Tradition. The University of Chicago Press.
56.
SissonsJ. (2015). Personhood as history: Māori conversion in light of the Polynesian iconoclasm. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 124(2), 129–146.
57.
SmithK. C. (2004). The spiritual millionaire: The spirit of wisdom will make you rich. WKU Publishing.
58.
SoutarM. (2000). Ngāti Porou leadership: Rāpata Wahawaha and the politics of conflict: “Kei te ora nei hoki tātou, me tō tātou whenua” [Unpublished doctoral thesis, Massey University].
59.
SowandeB. (1996). Syncretic aesthetics in modern Nigerian theatre. In StummerP. O.BalmeC. (Eds.), Fusion of cultures? (pp. 19–24). Rodopi.
60.
StenhouseJ.PatersonL. (2004). Ngā poropiti me ngā hāhi—Prophets and the churches. In Ka‘aiT. M.MoorfieldJ. C.ReillyM. P. J.MosleyS. (Eds.), Ki te whaiao: An introduction to Māori culture and society (pp. 171–180). Pearson.
61.
StewartC. (2004). Relocating syncretism in social science discourse. In LeopoldA. M.JensenJ. S. (Eds.), Syncretism in religion: A reader (pp. 264–285). Routledge.
van der VeerP. (1994). Syncretism, multiculturalism and the discourse of tolerance. In StewartC.ShawR. (Eds.), Syncretism/anti-syncretism: The politics of religious syncretism (pp. 196–211). Routledge.
66.
VictorovnaS. A. (2020). Christmas traditions through the prism of paganism and Christianity. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.29013/EJHSS-20-3-18-23
67.
Visser’t HooftW. A. (1963). No other name: The choice between syncretism and Christian universalism. SCM Press.
68.
YatesT. (2013). The conversion of the Māori: Years of religious and social change, 1814–1842. William B. Eerdmans Publishing.
69.
YongA. (2014). The missiological spirit: Christian mission theology in the third millennium global context. Wipf & Stock.
70.
ZimmermanL. J. (1997). Remythologizing the relationship between Indians and archaeologists. In SwidlerN.DongoskeK. E.AnyonR.DownerA. S. (Eds.), Native Americans and archaeologists: Stepping stones to common ground (pp. 44–56). AltaMira Press.