An assessment of the current clinical and ultrasound screening programmes. Early treatment by splintage is advocated for instability and Graf type III dysplasia of the hip.
DunitzM.. Medical statistics made easy. In: HarrisM., TaylorG., eds. London and New York, USA: Martin & Dunitz2004; 64.
5.
HernandezR.J., CornellR.G., HensingerR.N.. Ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal congenital dislocation of the hip. A decision analysis assessment.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1994; 76: 539–43.
6.
UK Government publication.Screening for the detection of congenital dislocation of the hip.London: Department of Health and Social Security1986.
7.
HallD.M.B., EllimanD., eds. Health for all children.Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press2003; 154.
8.
HadlowV.. Neonatal screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. A prospective 21-year survey.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1988; 70: 740–3.
9.
BernardA.A., O'HaraJ.N., BazinS., HumbyB., JarrettR., DwyerN.S.. An approved screening system for the early detection of congenital dislocation of the hip.J Pediatr Orthop1987; 7: 277–82.
10.
WilliamsonJ.. Difficulties of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in Northern Ireland.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1972; 54: 13–7.
11.
MacNicolM.F.. Results of a 25-year screening programme for neonatal hip instability.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1990; 72: 1057–60.
12.
RobinsonR.. Effective screening in child health.BMJ1998; 316: 1–2.
13.
JonesD.. Neonatal detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1998; 80: 943–5.
14.
PatelH; Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Preventive health care, 2001 update: screening and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns.CMAJ2001; 164: 1669–77.
15.
JariS., PatonR.W., SrinivasanM.S.. Unilateral limitation of abduction of the hip.A valuable clinical sign for DDH? J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2002; 84: 104–7.
16.
SeddonH.J.. Dislocation of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1962; 44: 255–6.
17.
GrafR., ScottS., FarkasP., LercherK., TschaunerC., BenaroyaA., eds. Manual for hip sonography, ultrasonograpy in the diagnosis and management of infant hip dysplasia.Stolzalpe: Edition Stolzalpe1999.
18.
HarckeH.T., KumarS.J.. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Am)1991; 73: 622–8.
19.
DiasJ.J., ThomasI.H., LamontA.C., ModyB.S., ThompsonJ.R.. The reliability of ultrasonographic assessment of neonatal hips.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1993; 75: 479–82.
20.
MorinC., HarckeH.T., MacEwenG.D.. The infant hip: real-time US assessment of acetabular development.Radiology1985; 157: 673–7.
21.
MarksD.S., CleggJ., al-ChalabiA.N.. Routine ultrasound screening for neonatal hip instability.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1994; 76: 534–8.
22.
ClarkeN.M., HarckeH.T., McHughP., LeeM.S., BornsP.F., MacEwenG.D.. Real-time ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1985; 67: 406–12.
23.
TerjesenT.. Ultrasound as the primary imaging method in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia in children aged <2 years.J Pediatr Orthop B1996; 5: 123–8.
24.
HarckeH.T., GrissomL.E.. Sonographic evaluation of the infant hip.Semin Ultrasound CT MR.1986; 7: 331–8.
25.
WirthT., StratmannL., HinrichsF.. Evolution of late presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip and associated surgical procedures after 14 years of neonatal ultrasound screening (letter).J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2005; 87: 135–6.
26.
CleggJ., BacheC.E., RautV.V.. Financial justification for routine ultrasound screening of the neonatal hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1999; 81: 852–7.
27.
HolenK.J., TegnanderA., BredlandT.. Universal or selective screening of the neonatal hip using ultrasound? A prospective, randomised trial of 15,529 newborn infants.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2002; 84: 886–90.
28.
ShipmanS.A., HelfandM., MoyerV.A., YawnB.P.. Screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic literature review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Pediatrics.2006; 117: e557–76.
29.
EastwoodD.M.. Neonatal hip screening.Lancet2003; 361: 595–7.
30.
PatonR.W., HindujaK., ThomasC.D.. The significance of at-risk factors in ultrasound surveillance of developmental dysplasia of the hip. A ten-year prospective study.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2005; 87: 1264–6.
31.
BacheC.E., CleggJ., HerronM.. Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip: ultrasonographic findings in the neonatal period.J Pediatr Orthop B2002; 11: 212–8.
32.
WoodM.K., ConboyV., BensonM.K.. Does early treatment by abduction splintage improve the development of dysplastic but stable neonatal hips?J Pediatr Orthop2000; 20: 302–5.
33.
AnderssonJ.E., FunnemarkP.O.. Neonatal hip instability: screening with anterior-dynamic ultrasound method.J Pediatr Orthop1995; 15: 322–24.
34.
GardinerH.M., DunnP.M.. Controlled trial of immediate splinting versus ultrasonographic surveillance in congenitally dislocatable hips.Lancet1990; 336: 1553–6.
35.
TomàP., ValleM., RossiU., BrunenghiG.M.. Paediatric hip-ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a review.Eur J Ultrasound2001; 14: 45–55.
36.
BarlowT.G.. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1962; 44: 292–301.
37.
CatfordJ.C., BennetG.C., WilkinsonJ.A.. Congenital hip dislocation: an increasing and still uncontrolled disability?Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).1982; 285: 1527–30.
38.
Screening for congenital hip dysplasia. (Editorial)Lancet1991; 337: 947–9.
39.
CasteleinR.M., SauterA.J., de VliegerM., van LingeB.. Natural history of ultrasound hip abnormalities in clinically normal newborns.J Pediatr Orthop1992; 12: 423–7.
40.
TönnisD.. Congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip in children and adults.Berlin: Springer-Verlag1987; 59–70.
41.
SampathJ.S., DeakinS., PatonR.W.. Splintage in developmental dysplasia of the hip: how low can we go?J Pediatr Orthop2003; 23: 352–5.
42.
JonesD., DezateuxC.A., DanielssonL.G., PatonR.W., CleggJ.. At the crossroads-neonatal detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2000; 82: 160–4.
43.
BradleyJ., WetherillM., BensonM.K.. Splintage for congenital dislocation of the hip.Is it safe and reliable? J Bone Joint Surg (Br)1987; 69: 257–63.
44.
PatonR.W., HopgoodP.J., EcclesK.. Instability of the neonatal hip: the role of early or late splintage.Int Orthop2004; 28: 270–3.
45.
WilkinsonA.G., SherlockD.A., MurrayG.D.. The efficacy of the Pavlik harness, the Craig splint and the von Rosen splint in the management of neonatal dysplasia of the hip. A comparative study.J Bone Joint Surg (Br)2002; 84: 716–9.
46.
GangerR., GrillF., LeodolterS.. Ultrasound screening of the hip in newborns: results and experience.J Pediatr Orthop B1990; 1: 45–9.
