To report the identification of human papillomavirus types in four cases of conjunctival papillomas and to review the literature regarding human conjunctival papillomavirus (HPV).
Methods
Specimens from conjunctival papillomas of four patients were analyzed for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent filter hybridization. HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 were investigated. Histologic sections were analyzed for the presence of koilocytosis.
Results
Histologic examination confirmed HPV infection in all cases. HPV type 11 was detected in all specimens.
Conclusions
HPV is frequently implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative squamous lesions. HPV type 11 was the most frequently found in benign conjunctival lesion in this study.
ConlonM.R., AlfonsoE.C., StarckT.Tumors of the cornea and conjunctiva. In: AlbertD.M., JakobiecF.A., eds. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, vol. 1. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994: 278–9.
2.
McDonnellP.J., McDonnellJ.M., KessisT.Detection of human papillomavirus type 6/11 DNA in conjunctival papillomas by in situ hybridization with radioactive probes.Hum Pathol1987; 18: 1115–9.
3.
GissmannL., WolnikL., IkenbergH., KoldovskyU., SchnurchH.G., zur HausenH.Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1983; 80: 560–3.
4.
NaghashfarZ., McDonnellP.J., McDonnellJ.M., GreenW.R., ShahK.V.Genital tract papillomavirus type 6 in recurrent conjunctival papilloma.Arch Ophthalmol1986; 104: 1814–5.
5.
McDonnellJ.M., MayrA.J., MartinW.J.DNA of human papillomavirus type 16 in dysplastic and malignant lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea.N Engl J Med1989; 320: 1442–6.
NakamuraY., MashimaY., KameyamaK.Detection of human papillomavirus infection in squamous tumors of the conjunctiva and lacrimal sac by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction.Br J Ophthalmol1997; 81: 308–13.
8.
LassJ.H., GroveA.S., PapaleJ.J.Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in conjunctival papilloma.Am J Ophthalmol1983; 96: 670–4.
9.
ManiatisT., FritschE.F., SambrookJ.Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual.Cold Spring Harbor, NY: 1989.
10.
ResnickR.M., CornalissenM.T., WrightD.K., EichingerG.H.Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus primers.J Natl Cancer Inst1990; 82: 1477–84.
11.
Van den BruleA.J., MeijerC.J., BekalsV., KenemansP., WalboomersJ.M.Rapid detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapes by combined general primer-mediated and type-polymerase chain reaction.J Clin Microbiol1990; 28: 2739–43.
12.
DeliusH., HofmannB.Primer-directed sequencing of human papillomavirus types. In: zur HansenH., ed. Human Pathogenic Papillomaviruses.Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 1994: 13–31.
13.
PalazziM.A., ErwenneC.M., VillaL.L.Detection of human papillomavirus in epithelial lesions of the conjunctiva.Sao Paulo Med J2000; 118: 125–30.
14.
KarciogluZ.A., IssaT.M.Human papillomavirus in neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of the external eye.Br J Ophthalmol1997; 81: 595–8.
15.
GallagherM.J., GiannoudisA., HerringtonC.S.Human papillomavirus in pterygium.Br J Ophthalmol2001; 85: 782–4.
16.
De VilliersE.M.Heterogeneity of the human papillomavirus group.F Virol1989; 69: 4898–903.
XiL.F., DemersW., KiviatN.B., KnypersJ., BeckmannA.M., GallowayD.A.Sequence variation in the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 16 detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis.J Infect Dis1993; 168: 610–7.
19.
SaegusaM., TanakoY., HashimuraM.HPV type 16 in conjunctival and junctional papilloma, dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.J Clin Pathol1995; 48: 1106–10.
20.
MantyjarviM., SyrjanenS., KaipiainenS., MantyjarviR., KahlosT., SyrjanenK.Detection of human papillomavirus type 11 DNA in a conjunctival squamous cell papilloma by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes.Acta Ophthalmol1989; 67: 425–9.
21.
EngH.L., LinT.M., ChenS.J., WuS.M., ChenW.J.Failure to detect human papillomavirus DNA in malignant epithelial neoplasms of conjunctiva by polymerase chain reaction.Am J Clin Pathol2002; 117: 429–36.
22.
EgbertJ.E., KerstenR.C.Female genital tract papillomavirus in conjunctival papillomas of infancy.Am J Ophthalmol1997; 123: 551–2.
