Auxetic structures possess negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). They exhibit enhanced indentation resistance, synclastic deformation, high fracture toughness and high energy absorption. Several sorts of auxetic structures exist, such as re-entrant, arrowhead, chiral, etc. The re-entrant structure is the most common sort of auxetic structures. This paper investigates the mechanical behavior of the re-entrant auxetic structure using experimental and numerical methods. Two modified re-entrant topologies are proposed based on the original (conventional) re-entrant topology. Using these modified topologies, two re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures are designed and 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) out of polylactic acid (PLA). Conducting compression, three and four-point bending tests, the compressive and flexural performance of the two new re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures is studied and compared with the original (conventional) re-entrant structure. More specifically, Poisson’s ratio, compressive modulus, flexural stiffness and maximum loads of the structures are focused and studied. The mechanical properties of auxetic sandwich structures are improved using modified topologies. The new re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures show 11% higher normalized compressive modulus and 9% higher normalized flexural stiffness than the original re-entrant structure.
TewariKPanditMBudarapuP, et al.Analysis of sandwich structures with corrugated and spiderweb-inspired cores for aerospace applications. Thin-Walled Struct2022; 180: 109812.
2.
ChenYDasR. A review on manufacture of polymeric foam cores for sandwich structures of complex shape in automotive applications. J Sandw Struct Mater2022; 24(1): 789–819.
3.
BirmanVKardomateasGA. Review of current trends in research and applications of sandwich structures. Compos B Eng2018; 142: 221–240.
4.
PalombaGEpastoGCrupiV. Lightweight sandwich structures for marine applications: a review. Mech Adv Mater Struct2022; 29(26): 4839–4864.
5.
ShirzadMZolfagharianABodaghiM, et al.Auxetic metamaterials for bone-implanted medical devices: recent advances and new perspectives. Eur J Mech Solid2023; 98: 104905. DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104905.
6.
MohammadiH. An insight from nature: honeycomb pattern in advanced structural design for impact energy absorption. J Mater Res Technol2023; 22: 2862–2887. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.063.
7.
PereiraABFernandesFA. Sandwich panels bond with advanced adhesive films. Journal of Composites Science2019; 3(3): 79.
8.
YuSLiuZCaoX, et al.The compressive responses and failure behaviors of composite graded auxetic re-entrant honeycomb structure. Thin-Walled Struct2023; 187: 110721.
9.
UengCES. Sandwich composites. In: MeyersRA (ed). Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology. 3rd ed.New York: Academic Press, 2003, pp. 407–412.
10.
SorrentinoACastagnettiDMizziL, et al.Bio-inspired auxetic mechanical metamaterials evolved from rotating squares unit. Mech Mater2022; 173: 104421. DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2022.104421.
11.
LiCShenH-SWangH. Full-scale finite element modeling and nonlinear bending analysis of sandwich plates with functionally graded auxetic 3D lattice core. J Sandw Struct Mater2021; 23(7): 3113–3138. DOI: 10.1177/1099636220924657.
12.
EvansKEAldersonA. Auxetic materials: functional materials and structures from lateral thinking. Advanced materials2000; 12(9): 617–628.
13.
ZhangJLuGYouZ. Large deformation and energy absorption of additively manufactured auxetic materials and structures: a review. Compos B Eng2020; 201: 108340.
14.
RasburnJMullarkeyPEvansKE, et al.Auxetic structures for variable permeability systems. AIChE J2001; 47(11): 2623–2626.
15.
ChoiJLakesR. Fracture toughness of re-entrant foam materials with a negative Poisson's ratio: experiment and analysis. Int J Fract1996; 80: 73–83.
16.
ChekkalIBianchiMRemillatC, et al.Vibro-acoustic properties of auxetic open cell foam: model and experimental results. Acta Acustica united Acustica2010; 96(2): 266–274.
17.
NovakNStarčevičLVesenjakM, et al.Blast response study of the sandwich composite panels with 3D chiral auxetic core. Compos Struct2019; 210: 167–178.
18.
JiangY. Auxetic mechanical metamaterials to enhance sensitivity of stretchable strain sensors. Adv Mater2018; 30(12): 1706589.
19.
AliMNRehmanIU. An Auxetic structure configured as oesophageal stent with potential to be used for palliative treatment of oesophageal cancer; development and in vitro mechanical analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med2011; 22: 2573–2581.
20.
SanamiMRaviralaNAldersonK, et al.Auxetic materials for sports applications. Procedia Eng2014; 72: 453–458.
21.
KelkarPUKimHSChoK-H, et al.Cellular auxetic structures for mechanical metamaterials: a review. Sensors2020; 20(11): 3132.
22.
ZhangPToAC. Transversely isotropic hyperelastic-viscoplastic model for glassy polymers with application to additive manufactured photopolymers. Int J Plast2016; 80: 56–74.
23.
Nabavi-KiviAAyatollahiMRRazaviN. Investigating the effect of raster orientation on fracture behavior of 3D-printed ABS specimens under tension-tear loading. Eur J Mech Solid2023; 99: 104944. DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.104944.
24.
DumitrescuAWalkerSJIRomeiF, et al.Initial performance assessment of 3D printed thin walled structures for spacecraft applications. J Sandw Struct Mater2024; 0(0): 10996362241230576. DOI: 10.1177/10996362241230576.
25.
DongPHouRHuJ, et al.Novel self-similar re-entrant auxetic metamaterials (SREAM): design, mechanical property, and geometric optimization. Polym Test2023; 122: 108015.
26.
EdelenDLBruckHA. Predicting failure modes of 3D-printed multi-material polymer sandwich structures from process parameters. J Sandw Struct Mater2022; 24(2): 1049–1075. DOI: 10.1177/10996362211020445.
27.
MaukoA. Dynamic deformation behaviour of chiral auxetic lattices at low and high strain-rates. Metals2021; 11(1): 52, [Online]. Available:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/52
28.
JiangYLiY. 3D printed auxetic mechanical metamaterial with chiral cells and Re-entrant cores. Sci Rep2018; 8(1): 2397. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20795.
29.
ChoHSeoDKimD-N. Mechanics of auxetic materials. In: SchmauderSChenC-SChawlaKK, et al. (eds). Handbook of Mechanics of Materials. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019, pp. 733–757.
30.
RenXDasRTranP, et al.Auxetic metamaterials and structures: a review. Smart Mater Struct2018; 27(2): 023001. DOI: 10.1088/1361-665X/aaa61c.
31.
LiuHHouFLiA, et al.High-efficient and reversible intelligent design for perforated auxetic metamaterials with peanut-shaped pores. Int J Mech Mater Des2023; 19(3): 553–566. DOI: 10.1007/s10999-023-09648-7.
32.
GrimaJNMizziLAzzopardiKM, et al.Auxetic perforated mechanical metamaterials with randomly oriented cuts. Adv Mater2016; 28(2): 385–389. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503653.
33.
XiaoDDongZLiY, et al.Compression behavior of the graded metallic auxetic reentrant honeycomb: experiment and finite element analysis. Materials Science and Engineering: A2019; 758: 163–171.
34.
DongZLiYZhaoT, et al.Experimental and numerical studies on the compressive mechanical properties of the metallic auxetic reentrant honeycomb. Mater Des2019; 182: 108036.
35.
YangLHarryssonOWestH, et al.Modeling of uniaxial compression in a 3D periodic re-entrant lattice structure. J Mater Sci2013; 48: 1413–1422.
36.
FuM-HChenYHuL-L. A novel auxetic honeycomb with enhanced in-plane stiffness and buckling strength. Compos Struct2017; 160: 574–585.
37.
LiTWangL. Bending behavior of sandwich composite structures with tunable 3D-printed core materials. Compos Struct2017; 175: 46–57.
38.
KhoshgoftarMBarkhordariALimutiM, et al.Bending analysis of sandwich panel composite with a re-entrant lattice core using zig-zag theory. Sci Rep2022; 12(1): 15796.
39.
SarvestaniHYAkbarzadehAMirbolghasemiA, et al.3D printed meta-sandwich structures: failure mechanism, energy absorption and multi-hit capability. Mater Des2018; 160: 179–193.
40.
HouYTaiYLiraC, et al.The bending and failure of sandwich structures with auxetic gradient cellular cores. Compos Appl Sci Manuf2013; 49: 119–131.
41.
LuHWangXChenT. Quasi-static bending response and energy absorption of a novel sandwich beam with a reinforced auxetic core under the fixed boundary at both ends. Thin-Walled Struct2023; 191: 111011. DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2023.111011.
42.
LiNLiuSWuX, et al.Mechanical characteristics of a novel rotating star-rhombic auxetic structure with multi-plateau stages. Thin-Walled Struct2023; 191: 111081. DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2023.111081.
43.
YangLHarryssonOCormierD, et al.Design of auxetic sandwich panels for structural applications. In: 2013 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. University of Texas at Austin, 2013.
