In this study, indentation of metal-faced and foam-cored sandwich beams under the action of quasi-static concentrated loads applied by using a flat punch is studied. First, a modified analytical expression yielding the pre-indentation load, which is based on plastic limit analysis, is developed. Then, indentation tests are conducted on specimens having extruded polystyrene core, and thin and laminated galvanized steel faces are developed to check the validity of the analytical expression. For the cases considered, the experimental results show that the analytical expression developed constitutes a lower bound to the true pre-indentation load. A parametric study is also conducted and the influences of the face sheet lamination parameters on the pre-indentation load are determined.
HetenyiM.Beams on elastic foundation.
Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 1946.
2.
ThomsenOTFrostigY.Localized bending effects in sandwich panels: photoelastic investigation versus high-order sandwich theory results. Compos Struct1997;
37: 97–108.
3.
FrostigYBaruchMVilnayO, et al.
High-order theory for sandwich-beam behavior with transversely flexible core. J Eng Mech1992;
118: 1026–1043.
4.
PitarresiGAmorimJ.Indentation of rigidly supported sandwich beams with foam cores exhibiting non-linear compressive behaviour. J Sandwich Struct Mater2011;
13: 605–636.
5.
FrostigYBaruchM.High-order buckling analysis of sandwich beams with transversely flexible core. J Eng Mech1993;
119: 476–495.
6.
FrostigYBaruchM.Localized load effects in high-order bending of sandwich panels with flexible core. J Eng Mech1996;
122: 1069–1076.
7.
NavarroPAbrateSAubryJ, et al.
Analytical modeling of indentation of composite sandwich beam. Compos Struct2013;
100: 79–88.
8.
TriantafillouTCGibsonLJ.Failure mode maps for foam core sandwich beams. Mater Sci Eng1987;
95: 37–53.
9.
TriantafillouTCGibsonLJ.Minimum weight design of foam core sandwich panels for a given strength. Mater Sci Eng1987;
95: 55–62.
10.
AshbyMFEvansTFleckNA, et al.Metal foams: a design guide. 1st ed.
Woburn:
Elsevier, 2000, p.117.
11.
Bart-SmithHHutchinsonJWEvansAG.Measurement and analysis of the structural performance of cellular metal sandwich construction. Int J Mech Sci2001;
43: 1945–1963.
12.
McCormackTMMillerRKeslerO, et al.
Failure of sandwich beams with metallic foam cores. Int J Solid Struct2001;
38: 4901–4920.
13.
SteevesCAFleckNA.Material selection in sandwich beam construction. Scripta Mater2004;
50: 1335–1339.
14.
SteevesCAFleckNA.Collapse mechanisms of sandwich beams with composite faces and a foam core, loaded in three-point bending. Part I: analytical models and minimum weight design. Int J Mech Sci2004;
46: 561–583.
15.
SteevesCAFleckNA.Collapse mechanisms of sandwich beams with composite faces and a foam core, loaded in three-point bending. Part II: experimental investigation and numerical modelling. Int J Mech Sci2004;
46: 585–608.
16.
ChenCHarteAMFleckNA.The plastic collapse of sandwich beams with a metallic foam core. Int J Mech Sci2001;
43: 1483–1506.
17.
QinQHZhangJXWangZJ, et al.
Indentation of sandwich beams with metal foam core. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China2014;
124: 2440–2446.
18.
SodenPD.Indentation of composite sandwich beams. J Strain Anal Eng Des1996;
31: 353–360.
19.
DanielIMAbotJLWangKA. Testing and analysis of composite sandwich beams. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on composite materials, Paris, France, 5–9 July 1999, paper no. 1308. Europe: ICCM.
20.
ZenkertDShipshaAPerssonK.Static indentation and unloading response of sandwich beams. Compos B Eng2004;
35: 511–522.
21.
ShipshaAHallströmSZenkertD.Failure mechanisms and modelling of impact damage in sandwich beams-a 2D approach: part I – experimental investigation. J Sandwich Struct Mater2003;
5: 7–31.
22.
XiaoDMuLZhaoG.Indentation response of sandwich panels with positive gradient metallic cellular core. J Sandwich Struct Mater2015;
17: 597–612.
23.
BerthelotJMLoliveÉ.Non-linear behaviour of foam cores and sandwich materials, part 1: materials and modelling. J Sandwich Struct Mater2002;
4: 219–247.
24.
LoliveÉBerthelotJM.Non-linear behaviour of foam cores and sandwich materials, part 2: indentation and three-point bending. J Sandwich Struct Mater2002;
4: 297–352.
25.
AbrateS.Criteria for yielding or failure of cellular materials. J Sandwich Struct Mater2008;
10: 5–51.
26.
MohanKYipTHSridharI, et al.
Effect of face sheet material on the indentation response of metallic foams. J Mater Sci2007;
42: 3714–3723.
27.
MohanKHonYTIdapalapatiS, et al.
Failure of sandwich beams consisting of alumina face sheet and aluminum foam core in bending. Mater Sci Eng2005;
409: 292–301.
28.
ShaJBYipTH.In situ surface displacement analysis on sandwich and multilayer beams composed of aluminum foam core and metallic face sheets under bending loading. Mater Sci Eng2004;
386: 91–103.
29.
ZhangJQinQAiW, et al.
Indentation of metal foam core sandwich beams: experimental and theoretical investigations. Exp Mech2016;
56: 771–784.
30.
DanielIMGdoutosEEWangKA, et al.
Failure modes of composite sandwich beams. Int J Damage Mech2002;
11: 309–334.
