Prosperity is one of the five critical areas for Sustainable Development according to the 2030 Agenda. This research develops a prosperity model for a tourism destination and examines stakeholders’ perception of the role of sustainable tourism development in enhancing the prosperity. A set of 18 sustainability indicators were used and identified through a hybrid model that combines results from a systematic literature search and four-stage convergent interviews. Results from 171 participants from five different groups of stakeholders revealed that sustainable tourism development enhances the prosperity of the target destination in general. Sustainability was found to be a medium to strong predictor of key prosperity dimensions, particularly environmental quality and sociocultural empowerment. Finally, the level of relationships were quantified to assist destination managers in identifying where to expend effort and resources to improve the implementation of sustainable tourism while considering the key dimensions of prosperity.
AndereckK. L.ValentineK. M.KnopfR. C.VogtC. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of tourism research, 32(4), 1056-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
2.
AndriotisK. (2005). Community groups’ perceptions of and preferences for tourism development: Evidence from Crete. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 29(1), 67-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348004268196
3.
BakarA. A.OsmanM. M.BachokS.IbrahimM.MohamedM. Z. (2015). Modelling economic wellbeing and social wellbeing for sustainability: A theoretical concept. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.037
4.
BazazoI.ElyasT.AtmenS. F.AlzwidehA. (2017). Understanding residents’ support for tourism development: The case of Aqaba City in Jordan. Journal of Management and Strategy, 8(3), Article 80. https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v8n3p80
5.
BesculidesA. L.MarthaE.McCormickP. J. (2002). Residents’ perceptions of the cultural benefits of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00066-4
6.
BeynaghiA.TrencherG.MoztarzadehF.MozafariM.MaknoonR.Leal FilhoW. (2016). Future sustainability scenarios for universities: Moving beyond the United Nations decade of education for sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112(Pt. 4), 3464-3478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.117
7.
BlancasF. J.Lozano-OyolaM.GonzálezM. (2015). A European sustainable tourism labels proposal using a composite indicator. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54(September), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.05.001
8.
BornhorstT.RitchieJ. R. B.SheehanL. (2010). Determinants of tourism success for DMOs and destinations: An empirical examination of stakeholders’ perspectives. Tourism Management, 31(5), 572-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.008
BrooksG. P.BarcikowskiR. S. (2012). The PEAR method for sample sizes in multiple linear regression. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoints, 38(2), 1-16.
BudeanuA.MillerG.MoscardoG.OoiC.-S. (2016). Sustainable tourism, progress, challenges and opportunities: an introduction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.027
13.
ByrdE. T. (2007). Stakeholders in sustainable tourism development and their roles: Applying stakeholder theory to sustainable tourism development. Tourism Review, 62(2), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370780000309
14.
ByrdE. T.CárdenasD. A.GreenwoodJ. B. (2008). Factors of stakeholder understanding of tourism: The case of Eastern North Carolina. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(3), 192-204. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2008.21
15.
CarlisleS.KuncM.JonesE.TiffinS. (2013). Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-stakeholder approaches: Experiences from Africa. Tourism Management, 35(April), 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.010
16.
CarterR.ThokS.O’RourkeV.PearceT. (2015). Sustainable tourism and its use as a development strategy in Cambodia: A systematic literature review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 797-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.978787
17.
ChengT. M.WuH. C. (2015). How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 557-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.965177
18.
ChhetriP.ArrowsmithC. (2008). GIS-based modelling of recreational potential of nature-based tourist destinations. Tourism Geographies, 10(2), 233-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680802000089
19.
ChokS.MacbethJ.WarrenC. (2007). Tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation: A critical analysis of “pro-poor tourism” and implications for sustainability. Current Issues in Tourism, 10(2-3), 144-165. https://doi.org/10.2167/cit303
20.
CobbinahP. B.Erdiaw-KwasieM. O.AmoatengP. (2015). Rethinking sustainable development within the framework of poverty and urbanisation in developing countries. Environmental Development, 13(January), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.001
21.
CucculelliM.GoffiG. (2016). Does sustainability enhance tourism destination competitiveness? Evidence from Italian destinations of excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B), 370-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.069
DeviS. V. (2015). A study on tourist satisfaction and their preference to act as responsible tourist for sustainable tourism. International Journal on Global Business Management & Research, 3(2), 65.
26.
DewiL. K. Y. (2014). Modeling the relationships between tourism sustainable factor in the traditional village of Pancasari. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 135(August), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.325
27.
DincerH.HaciogluU. (2017). Investigating the economic vulnerability factors of emerging markets after the global financial crisis of 2008 with a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach. In Handbook of research on economic, financial, and industrial impacts on infrastructure development (pp. 313-333). IGI Global.
28.
DoddsR. (2007). Sustainable tourism and policy implementation: Lessons from the case of Calvia, Spain. Current Issues in Tourism, 10(4), 296-322. https://doi.org/10.2167/cit278.0
29.
DoyleJ. K. (2005). Face-to-face surveys. Wiley.
30.
DyerP.GursoyD.SharmaB.CarterJ. (2007). Structural modeling of resident perceptions of tourism and associated development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28(2), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.002
31.
EnrightM. J.NewtonJ. (2005). Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in Asia Pacific: Comprehensiveness and universality. Journal of Travel Research, 43(4), 339-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505274647
32.
FahamE.RezvanfarA.MohammadiS. H. M.NohoojiM. R. (2017). Using system dynamics to develop education for sustainable development in higher education with the emphasis on the sustainability competencies of students. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123(October), 307-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.023
33.
FalatoonitoosiE.AhmedS.SorooshianS. (2014). Expanded DEMATEL for determining cause and effect group in bidirectional relations. Scientific World Journal, 2014, Article 103846. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/103846
34.
Farber CanzianiB.SönmezS.HsiehY.ByrdE. T. (2012). A learning theory framework for sustainability education in tourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2012.650052
35.
FarrokhyarF.ReddyD.PoolmanR. W.BhandariM. (2013). Practical tips for surgical research: Why perform a priori sample size calculation?Canadian Journal of Surgery, 56(3), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.018012
36.
FieldA. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
37.
FritzM.KochM. (2014). Potentials for prosperity without growth: Ecological sustainability, social inclusion and the quality of life in 38 countries. Ecological Economics, 108, 191-199.
38.
FritzM.KochM. (2016). Economic development and prosperity patterns around the world: Structural challenges for a global steady-state economy. Global Environmental Change, 38(May), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.02.007
39.
GarcíaF. A.VázquezA. B.MacíasR. C. (2015). Resident’s attitudes towards the impacts of tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 13(January), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.11.002
GoughA.SharpleyB. (2005). Educating for a sustainable future: A national environmental education statement for Australian schools. Department of Environment and Heritage, Australia. https://www.seedengr.com/sustainable-future.pdf
42.
GriggsD.Stafford-SmithM.GaffneyO.RockströmJ.ÖhmanM. C.ShyamsundarP.SteffenW.GlaserG.KanieN.NobleI. (2013). Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature, 495(7441), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1038/495305a
43.
HartS.SharmaS.HalmeM. (2016). Poverty, business strategy, and sustainable development. Organization & Environment, 29(4), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026616677170
44.
HassanS. S. (2000). Determinants of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38(3), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003800305
45.
HatipogluB.AlvarezM. D.ErtunaB. (2016). Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: The case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B), 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.059
KoT. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: A conceptual approach. Tourism Management, 26(3), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.12.003
52.
KovacicZ.GiampietroM. (2015). Beyond “beyond GDP indicators”: The need for reflexivity in science for governance. Ecological Complexity, 21(March), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.11.007
53.
KristjánsdóttirK. R.ÓlafsdóttirR.RagnarsdóttirK. V. (2018). Reviewing integrated sustainability indicators for tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 583-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1364741
54.
KrstićB.PetrovićJ.StanišićT. (2015). Analysis of key indicators of economic dimensions of spas’ sustainable development in Serbia as tourism destinations. Ekonomika, 61(3), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika1503061K
55.
LiC.-W.TzengG.-H. (2009). Identification of a threshold value for the DEMATEL method using the maximum mean de-entropy algorithm to find critical services provided by a semiconductor intellectual property mall. Expert Systems With Applications, 36(6), 9891-9898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.01.073
56.
LittledykeM.ManolasE.LittledykeR. A. (2013). A systems approach to education for sustainability in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 14(4), 367-383. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-01-2012-0011
57.
Lozano-OyolaM.BlancasF. J.GonzálezM.CaballeroR. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18(July), 659-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.014
58.
LundbergE. (2017). The importance of tourism impacts for different local resident groups: A case study of a Swedish seaside destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(1), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.02.002
59.
Medina-MuñozD. R.Medina-MuñozR. D.Gutiérrez-PérezF. J. (2016). The impacts of tourism on poverty alleviation: An integrated research framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), 270-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1049611
60.
MendolaD.VoloS. (2017). Building composite indicators in tourism studies: Measurements and applications in tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism Management, 59(April), 541-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.011
61.
MillerG. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: Results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism Management, 22(4), 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00067-4
62.
MohaidinZ.WeiK. T.Ali MurshidM. (2017). Factors influencing the tourists’ intention to select sustainable tourism destination: A case study of Penang, Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(4), 442-465. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-11-2016-0049
63.
MoiseyR. N.McCoolS. F.(2008). Sustainable tourism in the 21st century: Lessons from the past; challenges to address. In MoiseyR. N.McCoolS. F. (Eds.), Tourism, recreation and sustainability: Linking culture and the environment (2nd ed., pp. 283-292). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934705.0283
64.
MoscardoG. (2011). Exploring social representations of tourism planning: Issues for governance. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4-5), 423-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.558625
65.
MüllerH. (1994). The thorny path to sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(3), 131-136.
66.
NamU. V. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. United Nations.
NunkooR.RamkissoonH. (2011). Residents’ satisfaction with community attributes and support for tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 35(2), 171-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348010384600
69.
NunkooR.RamkissoonH. (2012). Structural equation modelling and regression analysis in tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(8), 777-802. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.641947
PikeS.MasonR. (2011). Destination competitiveness through the lens of brand positioning: The case of Australia’s Sunshine Coast. Current Issues on Tourism, 14(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683501003797523
73.
PissouriosI. A. (2013). An interdisciplinary study on indicators: A comparative review of quality-of-life, macroeconomic, environmental, welfare and sustainability indicators. Ecological Indicators, 34(November), 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.06.008
74.
PolonskyM. J.ScottD. (2005). An empirical examination of the stakeholder strategy matrix. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 1199-1215. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510610806
75.
Pulido-FernándezJ. I.Andrades-CalditoL.Sánchez-RiveroM. (2015). Is sustainable tourism an obstacle to the economic performance of the tourism industry? Evidence from an international empirical study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.909447
76.
RaoS.PerryC. (2003). Convergent interviewing to build a theory in under-researched areas: Principles and an example investigation of internet usage in inter-firm relationships. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 6(4), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750310495328
77.
RebolloV.IvarsJ. (2004). Measuring sustainability in a mass tourist destination: Pressures, perceptions and policy responses in Torrevieja, Spain. In Coastal mass tourism: Diversification and sustainable development in Southern Europe (pp. 176-199). Channel View Publications.
78.
RisteskiM.NaumovK. (2010). Organizing of the tourist propaganda in a role of tourist destination’s development at times of economic challenges [Paper presentation]. Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija, Biennial International Congress, Tourism & Hospitality Industry, Opatija, Croatia.
79.
SachsJ. D. (2015). The age of sustainable development. Columbia University Press.
80.
SharmaB.DyerP.CarterJ.GursoyD. (2008). Exploring residents’ perceptions of the social impacts of tourism on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 9(3), 288-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480802096092
81.
SharmaB.GursoyD. (2015). An examination of changes in residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts over time: The impact of residents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(12), 1332-1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.982665
82.
ShiehJ.-I.WuH.-H.HuangK.-K. (2010). A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems, 23(3), 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2010.01.013
83.
SongH.LiG.van der VeenR.ChenJ. L. (2011). Assessing mainland Chinese tourists’ satisfaction with Hong Kong using tourist satisfaction index. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(1), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.801
TimurS.GetzD. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: How do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism?Sustainable Development, 17(4), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.384
86.
Torres-DelgadoA.SaarinenJ. (2014). Using indicators to assess sustainable tourism development: A review. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2013.867530
87.
TzengG.-H.ChiangC.-H.LiC.-W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems With Applications, 32(4), 1028-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.004
88.
UN-Habitat. (2013). State of the world’s cities 2012/2013: Prosperity of cities. Routledge.
WardT. J. (2000). Indicators for assessing the sustainability of Australia’s marine ecosystems. Marine and Freshwater Research, 51(5), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf99052
91.
WeedenC. (2005). Ethical tourism: Is its future in niche tourism. In NovelliM. (Ed.), Niche tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases (pp. 233-245). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-6133-1.50030-5
WrayM. (2011). Adopting and implementing a transactive approach to sustainable tourism planning: Translating theory into practice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4-5), 605-627.
95.
World Tourism Organization. (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: A guidebook. Author.
YigitcanlarT.DurF.DizdarogluD. (2015). Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach. Habitat International, 45(Pt. 1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.033
98.
YuC. P.ChancellorH. C.ColeS. T. (2011). Measuring residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509353189
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
