According to the literature, serrated lesions and polyps of the appendix are extremely rare in children or teenagers. Herein, we present the pathologic and molecular features of a sessile serrated lesion (SSL) that was incidentally found in the appendix of a teenage girl. Our findings not only illustrate that appendiceal SSL may occur in young patients such as teenagers but also confirm further that BRAF V600E mutation may be found in a subset of these neoplastic lesions.
MisdrajiJCarrNJPaiRK.Appendiceal serrated lesions and polyps. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. Digestive System Tumours.
Lyon, France:
International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2019:141–143.
2.
BettingtonMBrownISRostyC.Serrated lesions of the appendix in serrated polyposis patients. Pathology. 2016;
48:30–34.
3.
PaiRKBettingtonMSrivastavaARostyC.An update on the morphology and molecular pathology of serrated colorectal polyps and associated carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2019;
32:1390–1415.
4.
AhadiMSokolovaABrownIChouAGillAJ.The 2019 World Health Organization Classification of appendiceal, colorectal and anal canal tumours: an update and critical assessment [published online ahead of print January 16, 2021]. Pathology. 2021:S0031–3025(20)31020-5. doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.010
5.
MacGillivrayJB.Mucosal metaplasia in the appendix.J Clin Pathol. 1972;
25:809–811.
6.
HigaERosaiJPizzimbonoCAWiseL.Mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix. A re-evaluation of appendiceal “mucocele”. Cancer. 1973;
32:1525–1541.
7.
QizilbashAG.Hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps of the appendix: report of 19 cases. Arch Pathol. 1974;
97:385–388.
8.
YounesMKatikaneniPRLechagoJ.Association between mucosal hyperplasia of the appendix and adenocarcinoma of the colon.Histopathology. 1995;
26:33–37.
9.
RubioCA.Serrated adenomas of the appendix.J Clin Pathol. 2004;
57:946–949.
10.
RenshawAAKishRGouldEW.Sessile serrated adenoma is associated with acute appendicitis in patients 30 years or older. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;
126:875–877.
11.
YantissRKPanczykowskiAMisdrajiJ, et al.
A comprehensive study of nondysplastic and dysplastic serrated polyps of the vermiform appendix [published correction appears in Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:175. Hahn, Hejin P [added]]. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;
31:1742–1753.
12.
BellizziAMRockJMarshWLFrankelWL.Serrated lesions of the appendix: a morphologic and immunohistochemical appraisal.Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;
133:623–632.
13.
Yuyucu KarabulutYSavaşBKurşunNEnsarA.Serrated lesions of the appendix: do they differ from their colorectal counterparts?Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014;
25:29–34.
14.
PaiRKHartmanDJGonzaloDH, et al.
Serrated lesions of the appendix frequently harbor KRAS mutations and not BRAF mutations indicating a distinctly different serrated neoplastic pathway in the appendix.Hum Pathol. 2014;
45:227–235.
15.
TsaiJHYangCYYuanRHJengYM.Correlation of molecular and morphological features of appendiceal epithelial neoplasms. Histopathology. 2019;
75:468–477.
16.
YozuMKemMCenajOMino-KenudsonMOdzeRDMisdrajiJ.Loss of expression of MLH1 in non-dysplastic crypts is a harbinger of neoplastic progression in sessile serrated adenomas/polyps. Histopathology. 2019;
75:376–384.
17.
RichBSRoychoudhurySWilliamsonAKGlickRD.Pediatric mucinous neoplasm of the appendix presenting as a mucocele: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. 2017;
17:11–14.
18.
KeljoDJWeinbergAGWinickNTomlinsonG.Rectal cancer in an 11-year-old girl with hyperplastic polyposis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;
28:327–332.